GLO BUS TEST BANK UPDATED COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
●● What are the three major anatomical planes?
Answer: Sagittal, coronal, transverse (axial)
●● Wolff's Law
Answer: Bone constantly undergoes remodeling in response to
mechanical forces acting on it.
●● Where is the pars interarticularis located?
Answer: Joins the ipsilateral inferior and superior articular processes.
●● Annulus Fibrosis
Answer: Outer disc, collagen fibers (lamellae) keeps nucleus under
compression.
●● Nucleus Pulposus
Answer: Center of the intervertebral disc, jelly like, absorbs compression
and torsion.
●● Diffusion
,Answer: Process where nutrients cross the endplate into the
intervertebral disc.
●● What are the main functions of the intervertebral discs?
Answer: Shock absorbers, ligaments to hold vertebrae together, designed
to resist axial forces.
●● What happens to the water content of the disc as an individual ages?
Answer: Decreases.
●● What is the purpose of the spinal curvatures?
Answer: Support the weight of yourself, create balance along the
anatomical planes, helps supports spine function and withstand forces.
●● Name the two continuous ligaments that travel from C2 to the
sacrum.
Answer: Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL) and Posterior
Longitudinal Ligament (PLL).
●● Name two continuous ligaments in the spine.
Answer: Nuchal Ligament, Supraspinous Ligament.
●● What ligament connects lamina to lamina between two adjacent
vertebrae?
, Answer: Ligamentum Flavum.
●● How many vertebrae are in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and
coccyx spinal regions, respectively?
Answer: 7, 12, 5, 5, 4.
●● What orientation are the facet joints in the cervical region?
Answer: 45 degree frontal plane; this is for mobility in all directions
(flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation).
●● What orientation are the facet joints in the thoracic region?
Answer: 65 degrees frontal plane; this is for limited mobility in flexion
and extension due to the ribs, but still allows for lateral flexion and
rotation.
●● What orientation are the facet joints in the lumbar region?
Answer: 90 degrees sagittal plane; this is for allowing flexion and
extension.
●● What curvatures of the spine can be visualized in the sagittal plane?
Answer: Lordosis, Kyphosis.
●● What nervous structure travels through the vertebral foramen?
QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
●● What are the three major anatomical planes?
Answer: Sagittal, coronal, transverse (axial)
●● Wolff's Law
Answer: Bone constantly undergoes remodeling in response to
mechanical forces acting on it.
●● Where is the pars interarticularis located?
Answer: Joins the ipsilateral inferior and superior articular processes.
●● Annulus Fibrosis
Answer: Outer disc, collagen fibers (lamellae) keeps nucleus under
compression.
●● Nucleus Pulposus
Answer: Center of the intervertebral disc, jelly like, absorbs compression
and torsion.
●● Diffusion
,Answer: Process where nutrients cross the endplate into the
intervertebral disc.
●● What are the main functions of the intervertebral discs?
Answer: Shock absorbers, ligaments to hold vertebrae together, designed
to resist axial forces.
●● What happens to the water content of the disc as an individual ages?
Answer: Decreases.
●● What is the purpose of the spinal curvatures?
Answer: Support the weight of yourself, create balance along the
anatomical planes, helps supports spine function and withstand forces.
●● Name the two continuous ligaments that travel from C2 to the
sacrum.
Answer: Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL) and Posterior
Longitudinal Ligament (PLL).
●● Name two continuous ligaments in the spine.
Answer: Nuchal Ligament, Supraspinous Ligament.
●● What ligament connects lamina to lamina between two adjacent
vertebrae?
, Answer: Ligamentum Flavum.
●● How many vertebrae are in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and
coccyx spinal regions, respectively?
Answer: 7, 12, 5, 5, 4.
●● What orientation are the facet joints in the cervical region?
Answer: 45 degree frontal plane; this is for mobility in all directions
(flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation).
●● What orientation are the facet joints in the thoracic region?
Answer: 65 degrees frontal plane; this is for limited mobility in flexion
and extension due to the ribs, but still allows for lateral flexion and
rotation.
●● What orientation are the facet joints in the lumbar region?
Answer: 90 degrees sagittal plane; this is for allowing flexion and
extension.
●● What curvatures of the spine can be visualized in the sagittal plane?
Answer: Lordosis, Kyphosis.
●● What nervous structure travels through the vertebral foramen?
