HESI PHARMACOLOGY EXIT EXAM LATEST REAL EXAM QUESTIONS / PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXIT EXAM REAL EXAM WITH ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A

HESI PHARMACOLOGY EXIT EXAM LATEST 2022-2024 REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS / 2022-2024 PHARMACOLOGY HESI EXIT
EXAM REAL EXAM WITH ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A




1) A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's serum
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calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer a
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s prescribed to theclient?
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1. Calcium chloride gh




2. Calcium gluconate gh




3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin) gh




4. Large doses of vitamin D gh gh gh gh




3. Calcitonin(Miacalcin) Rationale:
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The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing hyper
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calcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the treatm
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ent of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large
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doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases the pl
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asma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the serum calcium conc
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entration.
2.) Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monit
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ors the client, knowing thatwhich of the following would indicate the presence of systemic
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toxicity from thismedication?
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1. Tinnitus
2. Diarrhea
3. Constipation
4. Decreased respirations gh




1. Tinnitus Rationale:
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,Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) ca
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n result. Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturba
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nces. Constipation and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
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4.) The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have app
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lied sunscreen. The nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most
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effective when applied: gh gh




1. Immediately before swimming gh gh




2. 15 minutes before exposure to thesun
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3. Immediately before exposure to thesun gh gh gh gh h
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4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun
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4. At least 30 minutesbefore exposure to the sun
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Rationale:
Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before exposure to the
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sun so that they can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should be reapplied after swimmi
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ng or sweating.
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5.) Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for the client with a burn injury. When gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh




applying the medication, the client complains of local discomfort and burning. Which of
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the following is the most appropriate nursing action?
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1. Notifying the registerednurse gh gh h
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2. Discontinuing the medication gh gh




3. Informing the client that this is normal gh gh gh gh gh gh




4. Applying a thinner film than prescribed to the burn site3. Informing the client that t
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his is normal
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Rationale:
Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-negative and gram- gh gh gh gh gh gh gh




positive organisms and is used to treat burns to reduce bacteria present in avascular tissu
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es. The client should be informed that the medication will cause local discomfort and bur
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ning and that this is a normal reaction; therefore options 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect
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6.) The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) to t
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he site of injury. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following i
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ndicates that a systemic effect has occurred? gh gh gh gh gh gh




1. Hyperventilation

2. Elevated blood pressure gh gh




3. Local pain at the burnsite gh gh gh gh h
g




4. Local rash at theburn site gh gh gh h
g gh 1.Hyperventilation

,Rationale:
Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal excretion of
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acid, thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be monitored fo
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r signs of an acid-
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base imbalance (hyperventilation). If this occurs, the medication should be discontinu
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ed for 1 to 2 days. Options 3 and 4 describe local rather than systemic effects. An eleva
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ted blood pressure may be expected from the pain that occurs with a burn injury.
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7.) Isotretinoin is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the administration of th gh gh g
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is medication, the nurse anticipates that which laboratory test will be prescribed?
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1. Platelet count gh




2. Triglyceride level gh




3. Complete blood count gh gh




4. White blood cell count 2. Triglyceridelevel R
g
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ationale:
Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood triglyceride levels should be measur
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ed before treatment and periodically thereafter until the effect on the triglycerides has
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been evaluated. Options 1, 3, and 4 do not need to be monitored specifically during this tr
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eatment.
8.) A client with severe acne is seen in the clinic and the health care provider (HCP) pres
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cribes isotretinoin. The nurse reviews the client's medication record and would contac
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t the (HCP) if the client is taking which medication?
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1. Vitamin A gh




2. Digoxin (Lanoxin) gh




3. Furosemide (Lasix) gh




4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) gh




1. Vitamin A Rationale:
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Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can produce generalized intensification of is
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otretinoin toxicity. Because of the potential for increased toxicity, vitamin A suppleme
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nts should be discontinued before isotretinoin therapy. Options 2, 3, and 4 are not contrai
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ndicated with the use of isotretinoin. gh gh gh gh gh




9.) The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse wo
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uld monitor for the potential for increased systemic absorption of the medication if the
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medication were being applied to which of the following body areas? gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh




1. Back
2. Axilla

, 3. Soles of thefeet gh gh h
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4. Palms of the hands gh gh gh




2. Axilla Rationale:
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Topicalcorticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption is high
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er from regions where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, nec
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k, perineum, genitalia), and lower from regions in which permeability is poor (back, palm
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s, soles).gh




10.) The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client. The nurse note
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s that the client is taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the medication prescriptio
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n, the nurse would suspect that the client is being treated for:
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1. Acne
2. Eczema
3. Hair loss gh




4. Herpes simplex 1. Acne gh gh gh gh




Rationale:
Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne. The acid appe
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ars to work by suppressing the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and decreasing the
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proliferation of keratinocytes. Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
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11.) The health care provider has prescribed silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) for the clie
g
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nt with a partial-thickness burn, which has cultured positive for gram-
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negative bacteria. The nurse is reinforcing information to the client about the medi
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cation. Which statement made by the client indicates a lack of understanding about
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the treatments?
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1. "The medication is anantibacterial." gh gh gh h
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2. "The medication will help heal theburn." gh gh gh gh gh




3. "The medication will permanently stain myskin." gh gh gh gh gh




4. "The medication should be applied directly to the wound."
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3. "Themedication will permanently stain my skin."
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Rationale:
Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) is an antibacterial that has a broad spectrum of activity
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against gram-negative bacteria, gram- gh gh gh




positive bacteria, and yeast. It is applied directly to the wound to assist in healing. It d
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oes not stain the skin.
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12.) A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an intravenous (IV) infusion of an antin
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eoplastic medication. During the infusion, the client complains of pain at the insertion
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site. During an inspection of the site, the nurse notes redness and swelling
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