1|P age
BIOD 152 Anatomy & Physiology Portage
Learning Study Guide: Modules & Practice
Questions 2025-2026
Intro to the Nervous System
Notice: To optimize your learning in this course, we advise that you
complete the labs and modules as indicated in the BIOD 152
Lab Schedule.
The nervous system receives and processes information and sends out
signals to the muscles and glands to elicit an appropriate response. In
,2|P age
this way, the nervous system integrates and controls the other systems of
the body.
In the human nervous system, the central nervous system (Figure below)
includes the brain and he spinal cord (dorsal nerve cord),
which lie in the midline of the body.
,3|P age
The skull protects the brain and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord.
The central nervous system can send signals or impulses to and receive
impulses from the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous
system includes all nerves not in the brain or spinal cord which are the
cranial nerves that connect directly to the brain and the spinal nerves
which project from either side of the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous
system connects all parts of the body to the central nervous system and
can be divided into a sensory or afferent division and a motor or efferent
division. The peripheral nervous system receives impulses from the
sensory organs via the afferent division and then relays signals or
impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands via the
motor or efferent division. The efferent division can be further divided
into the somatic system and the autonomic system. The somatic system
nerves control skeletal muscles, skin, and joints. The autonomic system
nerves control the glands and smooth muscles of the internal organs and
are not generally under conscious control and can be divided into two
systems: the sympathetic system which activates and prepares the body
for vigorous muscular activity, stress, and emergencies and the
parasympathetic system which lowers activity, operates during normal
situations, permits digestion, and conserves energy.
Problem Set 1:
, 4|P age
1. The function of the nervous system is to integrate
and control the other body systems. Explain how
the nervous system does
this.
the nervous system is divided into the central and peripheral nervous
system. Within the peripheral nervous system their is the autonomic
system which communicated with smooth muscle and internal organs
and glands. Also in the peripheral system is somatic system which
communicates with sense organs and voluntary muscles.
2. List the 2 parts of the central nervous system.
Brain and spinal cord
3. How are the parts of the central nervous system
protected? brain and the vertebrae
4. How do the central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system interact? through
signals and impulses
BIOD 152 Anatomy & Physiology Portage
Learning Study Guide: Modules & Practice
Questions 2025-2026
Intro to the Nervous System
Notice: To optimize your learning in this course, we advise that you
complete the labs and modules as indicated in the BIOD 152
Lab Schedule.
The nervous system receives and processes information and sends out
signals to the muscles and glands to elicit an appropriate response. In
,2|P age
this way, the nervous system integrates and controls the other systems of
the body.
In the human nervous system, the central nervous system (Figure below)
includes the brain and he spinal cord (dorsal nerve cord),
which lie in the midline of the body.
,3|P age
The skull protects the brain and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord.
The central nervous system can send signals or impulses to and receive
impulses from the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous
system includes all nerves not in the brain or spinal cord which are the
cranial nerves that connect directly to the brain and the spinal nerves
which project from either side of the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous
system connects all parts of the body to the central nervous system and
can be divided into a sensory or afferent division and a motor or efferent
division. The peripheral nervous system receives impulses from the
sensory organs via the afferent division and then relays signals or
impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands via the
motor or efferent division. The efferent division can be further divided
into the somatic system and the autonomic system. The somatic system
nerves control skeletal muscles, skin, and joints. The autonomic system
nerves control the glands and smooth muscles of the internal organs and
are not generally under conscious control and can be divided into two
systems: the sympathetic system which activates and prepares the body
for vigorous muscular activity, stress, and emergencies and the
parasympathetic system which lowers activity, operates during normal
situations, permits digestion, and conserves energy.
Problem Set 1:
, 4|P age
1. The function of the nervous system is to integrate
and control the other body systems. Explain how
the nervous system does
this.
the nervous system is divided into the central and peripheral nervous
system. Within the peripheral nervous system their is the autonomic
system which communicated with smooth muscle and internal organs
and glands. Also in the peripheral system is somatic system which
communicates with sense organs and voluntary muscles.
2. List the 2 parts of the central nervous system.
Brain and spinal cord
3. How are the parts of the central nervous system
protected? brain and the vertebrae
4. How do the central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system interact? through
signals and impulses
