Following is the study guide for exam 2. As with all exam please review all discussion
posts and responses, all content, and the following items.
Symptoms of Impetigo
S/S: Superficial blisters filled with purulent material that rupture easily.
-lesions consist of macules, vesicles, bullae, pustules, and honey-colored crusts that when
removed leave denuded red areas.
-Ecthyma is a deeper form of impetigo caused by staphylococci or streptococci, with
ulceration and scarring that occurs frequently on the extremities.
DX: Gram stain and culture, usually associated w/ S aureus infection. Streptococcus
species are more common in tropical infections.
Tx: PO cephalexin or Clindamycin, or IV 1 g Vanc or Daptomycin
Streptococcal pharyngitis, “Strep Throat:” Group A beta-hemolytic
streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) are the most common bacterial cause of
pharyngitis. – can cause Scarlet Fever
S/S: Abrupt onset of sore throat, fever, malaise, nausea, red, edematous sore throat w/ or
without exudate, cervical nodes are tender,
Dx: Throat Culture, diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis are temperature greater than
38°C, tender anterior cervical adenopathy, lack of a cough, and pharyngotonsillar
exudate.
Tx: Benzathine penicillin G, 1.2 million units IM as a single dose
-Penicillin VK Penicillin VK, 250 mg PO 4x daily or 500 mg PO twice daily for 10 days
-Amoxicillin 1000 mg PO daily or 500 mg 2x PO daily x 10 days
-Cephalosporins like Cephalexin 500 mg 2x daily for 10 days, cefdinir 300 mg twice daily
for 5-10 days, cefaroxil 100 mg PO daily, cefpodoxime 100 mg twice daily and should be
reserved for PCN allergic patients.
Treatment for MRSA
Vancomycin is a first-line option for most serious infections.
, Alternative options with activity against MRSA include
clindamycin, linezolid, daptomycin, ceftaroline, telavancin,
oritavancin, and dalbavancin
o Daptomycin should not be used for the treatment of
pneumonia as the drug is inactivated by surfactant.
o Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole),
clindamycin, doxycycline, and linezolid are options for mild
infections.
Additional antibiotics with activity against most MRSA isolates
include: tigecycline, omadacycline, tedizolid, delafloxacin, and
quinupristin-dalfopristin.
posts and responses, all content, and the following items.
Symptoms of Impetigo
S/S: Superficial blisters filled with purulent material that rupture easily.
-lesions consist of macules, vesicles, bullae, pustules, and honey-colored crusts that when
removed leave denuded red areas.
-Ecthyma is a deeper form of impetigo caused by staphylococci or streptococci, with
ulceration and scarring that occurs frequently on the extremities.
DX: Gram stain and culture, usually associated w/ S aureus infection. Streptococcus
species are more common in tropical infections.
Tx: PO cephalexin or Clindamycin, or IV 1 g Vanc or Daptomycin
Streptococcal pharyngitis, “Strep Throat:” Group A beta-hemolytic
streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) are the most common bacterial cause of
pharyngitis. – can cause Scarlet Fever
S/S: Abrupt onset of sore throat, fever, malaise, nausea, red, edematous sore throat w/ or
without exudate, cervical nodes are tender,
Dx: Throat Culture, diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis are temperature greater than
38°C, tender anterior cervical adenopathy, lack of a cough, and pharyngotonsillar
exudate.
Tx: Benzathine penicillin G, 1.2 million units IM as a single dose
-Penicillin VK Penicillin VK, 250 mg PO 4x daily or 500 mg PO twice daily for 10 days
-Amoxicillin 1000 mg PO daily or 500 mg 2x PO daily x 10 days
-Cephalosporins like Cephalexin 500 mg 2x daily for 10 days, cefdinir 300 mg twice daily
for 5-10 days, cefaroxil 100 mg PO daily, cefpodoxime 100 mg twice daily and should be
reserved for PCN allergic patients.
Treatment for MRSA
Vancomycin is a first-line option for most serious infections.
, Alternative options with activity against MRSA include
clindamycin, linezolid, daptomycin, ceftaroline, telavancin,
oritavancin, and dalbavancin
o Daptomycin should not be used for the treatment of
pneumonia as the drug is inactivated by surfactant.
o Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole),
clindamycin, doxycycline, and linezolid are options for mild
infections.
Additional antibiotics with activity against most MRSA isolates
include: tigecycline, omadacycline, tedizolid, delafloxacin, and
quinupristin-dalfopristin.
