⭐STUDY
MODULE 7 COMPREHENSIVE
GUIDE (Quiz 3 Topics Only)
Male Reproductive Disorders + Urinary Tract Disorders + Women’s Oncology
I. Male Reproductive Disorders
1. Testicular Torsion
Key Document Quote
Your upload states: “Testicular torsion is a urological emergency… salvage rates decrease
significantly after 6 hours.”
Pathophysiology
Twisting of spermatic cord → ischemia
Often due to bell-clapper deformity
Physical Exam Findings
Sudden, severe unilateral scrotal pain
High-riding testicle
Horizontal lie
Negative Prehn’s sign (pain NOT relieved with elevation) Document: “A negative
Prehn sign… could indicate testicular torsion.”
Diagnostics
STAT Doppler ultrasound (absent blood flow)
Clinical diagnosis → do NOT delay surgery
Management
Immediate urology referral
Surgical detorsion + bilateral orchiopexy
Manual detorsion only if surgery unavailable immediately
2. Epididymitis
Key Document Quote
, “A positive Prehn sign is when the pain is relieved with scrotal elevation… could indicate
epididymitis.”
Etiology
<35 years: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea
>35 years: E. coli, urinary pathogens
PE Findings
Gradual onset scrotal pain
Swelling
Tender epididymis
Positive Prehn’s sign
May have dysuria or fever
Diagnostics
UA
Urine culture
STI testing
Ultrasound if torsion cannot be excluded
Treatment
<35 years:
o Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM ×1
o Doxycycline 100 mg BID ×10 days
>35 years:
o Fluoroquinolone (per guidelines)
3. Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Key Document Quote
“Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are significant contributors to
ED…”
Underlying Causes
Vascular disease
Diabetes
Metabolic syndrome
Psychological factors
Medications (SSRIs, antihypertensives)
MODULE 7 COMPREHENSIVE
GUIDE (Quiz 3 Topics Only)
Male Reproductive Disorders + Urinary Tract Disorders + Women’s Oncology
I. Male Reproductive Disorders
1. Testicular Torsion
Key Document Quote
Your upload states: “Testicular torsion is a urological emergency… salvage rates decrease
significantly after 6 hours.”
Pathophysiology
Twisting of spermatic cord → ischemia
Often due to bell-clapper deformity
Physical Exam Findings
Sudden, severe unilateral scrotal pain
High-riding testicle
Horizontal lie
Negative Prehn’s sign (pain NOT relieved with elevation) Document: “A negative
Prehn sign… could indicate testicular torsion.”
Diagnostics
STAT Doppler ultrasound (absent blood flow)
Clinical diagnosis → do NOT delay surgery
Management
Immediate urology referral
Surgical detorsion + bilateral orchiopexy
Manual detorsion only if surgery unavailable immediately
2. Epididymitis
Key Document Quote
, “A positive Prehn sign is when the pain is relieved with scrotal elevation… could indicate
epididymitis.”
Etiology
<35 years: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea
>35 years: E. coli, urinary pathogens
PE Findings
Gradual onset scrotal pain
Swelling
Tender epididymis
Positive Prehn’s sign
May have dysuria or fever
Diagnostics
UA
Urine culture
STI testing
Ultrasound if torsion cannot be excluded
Treatment
<35 years:
o Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM ×1
o Doxycycline 100 mg BID ×10 days
>35 years:
o Fluoroquinolone (per guidelines)
3. Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Key Document Quote
“Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are significant contributors to
ED…”
Underlying Causes
Vascular disease
Diabetes
Metabolic syndrome
Psychological factors
Medications (SSRIs, antihypertensives)
