CRAT EVALUATION EXAM 2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Bundle branch block - ✔✔either the left or right ventricles may depolarize late,
creating a wide, notched QRS.
✔✔Third degree AV block - ✔✔Conduction between the atria and the ventricles is
totally absent because of complete electrical block at or below the AV node. This is
known as AV dissociation. Complete heart block is another name for this.
✔✔Ventricular Fibrillation - ✔✔no ventricular depolarization or contraction. Small
baseline amplitude= fine. Large amplitude= coarse.
✔✔Torsade de Pointes - ✔✔(twisting of points)- polymorphic v-tach that looks like
spindles.
✔✔Multiform - ✔✔PVC's with different shapes
✔✔QT interval represents... - ✔✔time of ventricular activity, including both
depolarization and repolarization
✔✔ Chronotropic - ✔✔heart rate
✔✔Inotropic - ✔✔force of myocardial contractility
✔✔Dromotropic - ✔✔conduction velocity through the AV node
✔✔Systole - ✔✔contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises during
systole.
✔✔Diastole - ✔✔rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill. Pressure falls
during diastole.
✔✔Stroke Volume - ✔✔the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat. (mL/beat)
✔✔Cardiac output- definition - ✔✔The amount of blood pumped into the aorta each
minute. (units= mL/min)
✔✔Cardiac output- equation - ✔✔(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult= 4-8 L/min
✔✔Venous return - ✔✔amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the systemic
ciruclation
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Bundle branch block - ✔✔either the left or right ventricles may depolarize late,
creating a wide, notched QRS.
✔✔Third degree AV block - ✔✔Conduction between the atria and the ventricles is
totally absent because of complete electrical block at or below the AV node. This is
known as AV dissociation. Complete heart block is another name for this.
✔✔Ventricular Fibrillation - ✔✔no ventricular depolarization or contraction. Small
baseline amplitude= fine. Large amplitude= coarse.
✔✔Torsade de Pointes - ✔✔(twisting of points)- polymorphic v-tach that looks like
spindles.
✔✔Multiform - ✔✔PVC's with different shapes
✔✔QT interval represents... - ✔✔time of ventricular activity, including both
depolarization and repolarization
✔✔ Chronotropic - ✔✔heart rate
✔✔Inotropic - ✔✔force of myocardial contractility
✔✔Dromotropic - ✔✔conduction velocity through the AV node
✔✔Systole - ✔✔contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises during
systole.
✔✔Diastole - ✔✔rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill. Pressure falls
during diastole.
✔✔Stroke Volume - ✔✔the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat. (mL/beat)
✔✔Cardiac output- definition - ✔✔The amount of blood pumped into the aorta each
minute. (units= mL/min)
✔✔Cardiac output- equation - ✔✔(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult= 4-8 L/min
✔✔Venous return - ✔✔amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the systemic
ciruclation
