NU 131 / NUR 131
Nursing and Healthcare I
Galen College of Nursing
NU 131 / NUR 131 Exam 2
Questions & Answers Plus
Detailed Rationales
Latest 2026 | PDF
THIS EXAM CONTAINS:
✓100% Pass
✓Multiple Choice ( A-D)
✓Detailed Rationales For Each Question
✓Correct Answers For Each Question
✓250 Qs & Answers
,SECTION 1: HISTORY OF NURSING AND NURSING THEORISTS
(Questions 1-25)
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and
established the first secular nursing school at St. Thomas's
Hospital in London?
A. Clara Barton
B. Lillian Wald
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Dorothea Dix
*Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of
modern nursing. She established the first secular nursing
school at St. Thomas's Hospital in London in 1860.
Nightingale's work during the Crimean War significantly
reduced mortality rates and established nursing as a
respected profession. She emphasized the importance of
cleanliness, fresh air, light, and careful observation in patient
care. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian
Wald pioneered public health nursing. Dorothea Dix advocated
for the mentally ill.
2. The first state to pass a nurse licensure law (for registered
nurses) was:
A. Mississippi
B. New York
C. California
D. Massachusetts
,*Rationale: New York was the first state to pass a nurse
licensure law in 1903, establishing a precedent for nursing
regulation in the United States. This law created the first State
Board of Nursing and required nurses to meet minimum
educational standards and pass a licensing examination.
Mississippi passed the first practical nurse licensure law in
1914. California and Massachusetts also passed licensure laws
but after New York. The licensure movement was crucial for
protecting the public and establishing nursing as a recognized
profession.
3. Which nursing theorist developed the Theory of
Interpersonal Relations, emphasizing the nurse-client
relationship?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Hildegard Peplau
D. Madeleine Leininger
*Rationale: Hildegard Peplau developed the Theory of
Interpersonal Relations, which focuses on the nurse-client
relationship and the therapeutic process. Peplau's theory
emphasizes the importance of communication, trust, and
collaboration in the nurse-client relationship. She described
four phases of the nurse-client relationship: orientation,
identification, exploitation, and resolution. Peplau's work has
had a significant impact on psychiatric nursing and the
development of therapeutic communication techniques.
, 4. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory is based on the
premise that:
A. Nurses should provide all care to patients
B. Nursing is needed when a patient is unable to meet their
own self-care needs
C. The environment is the primary factor in healing
D. Cultural competence is essential in nursing
*Rationale: Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory proposes
that nursing is needed when a patient is unable to meet their
own self-care needs. The theory is composed of three related
theories: the Theory of Self-Care, the Theory of Self-Care
Deficit, and the Theory of Nursing Systems. The nurse's role is
to assist the patient in meeting self-care needs and to help the
patient develop the ability to perform self-care independently.
Orem's theory is widely used in nursing practice, education,
and research.
5. Madeleine Leininger's Theory of Cultural Care Diversity
and Universality emphasizes:
A. The importance of the nurse-client relationship
B. The patient's ability to perform self-care
C. The need for nurses to understand and respect cultural
beliefs, values, and practices
D. The adaptation of patients to changes in health
*Rationale: Madeleine Leininger developed the Theory of
Cultural Care Diversity and Universality, also known as
Transcultural Nursing. This theory emphasizes the importance
of cultural competence in nursing care and the need for nurses
Nursing and Healthcare I
Galen College of Nursing
NU 131 / NUR 131 Exam 2
Questions & Answers Plus
Detailed Rationales
Latest 2026 | PDF
THIS EXAM CONTAINS:
✓100% Pass
✓Multiple Choice ( A-D)
✓Detailed Rationales For Each Question
✓Correct Answers For Each Question
✓250 Qs & Answers
,SECTION 1: HISTORY OF NURSING AND NURSING THEORISTS
(Questions 1-25)
1. Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and
established the first secular nursing school at St. Thomas's
Hospital in London?
A. Clara Barton
B. Lillian Wald
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Dorothea Dix
*Rationale: Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of
modern nursing. She established the first secular nursing
school at St. Thomas's Hospital in London in 1860.
Nightingale's work during the Crimean War significantly
reduced mortality rates and established nursing as a
respected profession. She emphasized the importance of
cleanliness, fresh air, light, and careful observation in patient
care. Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lillian
Wald pioneered public health nursing. Dorothea Dix advocated
for the mentally ill.
2. The first state to pass a nurse licensure law (for registered
nurses) was:
A. Mississippi
B. New York
C. California
D. Massachusetts
,*Rationale: New York was the first state to pass a nurse
licensure law in 1903, establishing a precedent for nursing
regulation in the United States. This law created the first State
Board of Nursing and required nurses to meet minimum
educational standards and pass a licensing examination.
Mississippi passed the first practical nurse licensure law in
1914. California and Massachusetts also passed licensure laws
but after New York. The licensure movement was crucial for
protecting the public and establishing nursing as a recognized
profession.
3. Which nursing theorist developed the Theory of
Interpersonal Relations, emphasizing the nurse-client
relationship?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Dorothea Orem
C. Hildegard Peplau
D. Madeleine Leininger
*Rationale: Hildegard Peplau developed the Theory of
Interpersonal Relations, which focuses on the nurse-client
relationship and the therapeutic process. Peplau's theory
emphasizes the importance of communication, trust, and
collaboration in the nurse-client relationship. She described
four phases of the nurse-client relationship: orientation,
identification, exploitation, and resolution. Peplau's work has
had a significant impact on psychiatric nursing and the
development of therapeutic communication techniques.
, 4. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory is based on the
premise that:
A. Nurses should provide all care to patients
B. Nursing is needed when a patient is unable to meet their
own self-care needs
C. The environment is the primary factor in healing
D. Cultural competence is essential in nursing
*Rationale: Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory proposes
that nursing is needed when a patient is unable to meet their
own self-care needs. The theory is composed of three related
theories: the Theory of Self-Care, the Theory of Self-Care
Deficit, and the Theory of Nursing Systems. The nurse's role is
to assist the patient in meeting self-care needs and to help the
patient develop the ability to perform self-care independently.
Orem's theory is widely used in nursing practice, education,
and research.
5. Madeleine Leininger's Theory of Cultural Care Diversity
and Universality emphasizes:
A. The importance of the nurse-client relationship
B. The patient's ability to perform self-care
C. The need for nurses to understand and respect cultural
beliefs, values, and practices
D. The adaptation of patients to changes in health
*Rationale: Madeleine Leininger developed the Theory of
Cultural Care Diversity and Universality, also known as
Transcultural Nursing. This theory emphasizes the importance
of cultural competence in nursing care and the need for nurses
