BIOS 251 EXAM 3 2026 COMPLETE PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND BIOLOGY
REVIEW GUIDE
◉ What are the two categories of chemical reactions?
Answer: Synthesis reactions (Anabolism) and Decomposition
reactions (Catabolism).
◉ What is the function of synthesis reactions?
Answer: Building of molecules from small and simple to large and
complex.
◉ What is the function of decomposition reactions?
Answer: Break down of molecules from large and complex to small
and simple.
◉ What is cellular respiration?
Answer: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy.
◉ What are the three parts of a cell?
Answer: Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, and Organelles.
,◉ What is the role of the plasma membrane?
Answer: Defines the boundaries of the cell and acts as a barrier
between the cell and its environment.
◉ What is intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Answer: Fluid inside the cell.
◉ What is extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Answer: Fluid outside of the cell.
◉ What is the structure of the plasma membrane?
Answer: Phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobic fatty acid chains
and a hydrophilic head.
◉ What are integral proteins?
Answer: Amphipathic proteins that span the entire depth of the
plasma membrane.
◉ What are peripheral proteins?
Answer: Proteins located on the outside of the plasma membrane
that can dissociate from it.
◉ What are passive processes in membrane transport?
, Answer: Processes that do not require energy and move substances
down the concentration gradient.
◉ What is simple diffusion?
Answer: Movement of substances from an area of high concentration
to an area of low concentration.
◉ What is facilitated diffusion?
Answer: Diffusion that occurs with the help of transmembrane
proteins or channels.
◉ What is osmosis?
Answer: Movement of water from an area of high concentration of
water to an area of low concentration of water.
◉ What does tonicity refer to?
Answer: How a solution influences the shape of cells.
◉ What happens in an isotonic solution?
Answer: There is no movement of water; the cell maintains its shape.
◉ What is a hypertonic solution?
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND BIOLOGY
REVIEW GUIDE
◉ What are the two categories of chemical reactions?
Answer: Synthesis reactions (Anabolism) and Decomposition
reactions (Catabolism).
◉ What is the function of synthesis reactions?
Answer: Building of molecules from small and simple to large and
complex.
◉ What is the function of decomposition reactions?
Answer: Break down of molecules from large and complex to small
and simple.
◉ What is cellular respiration?
Answer: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy.
◉ What are the three parts of a cell?
Answer: Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, and Organelles.
,◉ What is the role of the plasma membrane?
Answer: Defines the boundaries of the cell and acts as a barrier
between the cell and its environment.
◉ What is intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Answer: Fluid inside the cell.
◉ What is extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Answer: Fluid outside of the cell.
◉ What is the structure of the plasma membrane?
Answer: Phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobic fatty acid chains
and a hydrophilic head.
◉ What are integral proteins?
Answer: Amphipathic proteins that span the entire depth of the
plasma membrane.
◉ What are peripheral proteins?
Answer: Proteins located on the outside of the plasma membrane
that can dissociate from it.
◉ What are passive processes in membrane transport?
, Answer: Processes that do not require energy and move substances
down the concentration gradient.
◉ What is simple diffusion?
Answer: Movement of substances from an area of high concentration
to an area of low concentration.
◉ What is facilitated diffusion?
Answer: Diffusion that occurs with the help of transmembrane
proteins or channels.
◉ What is osmosis?
Answer: Movement of water from an area of high concentration of
water to an area of low concentration of water.
◉ What does tonicity refer to?
Answer: How a solution influences the shape of cells.
◉ What happens in an isotonic solution?
Answer: There is no movement of water; the cell maintains its shape.
◉ What is a hypertonic solution?
