,1. The nurse is caring for a client in early adulthood. Which physical change does the nurse
expect to occur during this stage?
A) An excessive shedding of skin cells resulting in thin, fragile skin
B) Development of presbyopia that results in difficulty seeing close up
C) An increased basal metabolic rate that results in overeating
D) An increased cardiac output that results in hypotension
Correct Answer: Development of presbyopia that results in difficulty seeing close up
Rationale: In early adulthood (ages 20-40), physical growth is complete, but degenerative
changes begin, such as presbyopia, the loss of the eye's ability to focus on near objects. Skin
becomes less elastic, cardiac output decreases, and metabolic rate slows .
2. A 40-year-old client is having an annual eye examination and notes a decline in visual acuity.
What is the most likely cause of this symptom at this age?
A) Cataracts
B) Glaucoma
C) Presbyopia
D) Macular degeneration
Correct Answer: Presbyopia
Rationale: Presbyopia is a common age-related change in the lens of the eye that typically
becomes noticeable around age 40, causing difficulty focusing on close objects. This is a normal
physiological change of middle adulthood .
3. The nurse is providing education about nutrition to a young adult. Which statement indicates
an understanding of proper nutrition during this life stage?
,A) "I can eat whatever I want because my metabolism is at its peak."
B) "I should avoid carbohydrates to maintain my weight."
C) "A healthy diet is important to prevent chronic diseases later in life."
D) "Supplements can replace a balanced diet."
Correct Answer: "A healthy diet is important to prevent chronic diseases later in life."
Rationale: Nutritional needs in early adulthood focus on maintaining health and preventing
future chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes. Metabolic rate begins to decline,
making weight management important. Education on portion control, nutrient-dense foods, and
healthy habits is key .
4. Which psychosocial task is the primary developmental challenge for the young adult
according to Erikson?
A) Industry vs. Inferiority
B) Identity vs. Role Confusion
C) Intimacy vs. Isolation
D) Generativity vs. Stagnation
Correct Answer: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Rationale: Erikson's psychosocial stage for young adulthood (20-40 years) is Intimacy vs.
Isolation. The major task is forming intimate, loving relationships with others. Failure to do so
can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness .
5. The nurse is assessing a young adult who is concerned about stress from work. Which is the
most appropriate recommendation?
A) "Take on extra work to prove your value."
, B) "Learn to say NO to extra work when necessary."
C) "Avoid discussing stress with coworkers."
D) "Work longer hours to reduce worry."
Correct Answer: "Learn to say NO to extra work when necessary."
Rationale: Young adults often face stress from work-life balance. Setting healthy boundaries,
such as saying "no" to additional responsibilities when overwhelmed, is a key health promotion
strategy. This helps prevent burnout and stress-related illness .
6. The nurse is caring for a 50-year-old male client and discusses routine health promotion
screenings. Which screening should the nurse include in this discussion?
A) Thyroid levels
B) Colonoscopy
C) Testicular ultrasound
D) Skin lesion mapping
Correct Answer: Colonoscopy
Rationale: Routine screenings for middle-aged adults include colonoscopy starting at age 45-50
for colorectal cancer detection. This is a key health promotion activity for this age group. Other
screenings include cholesterol and blood pressure checks .
7. A client in middle adulthood asks the nurse about common physical changes. Which change is
the nurse most likely to discuss?
A) Decreased skin elasticity and wrinkles
B) Rapid growth of height
C) Increase in muscle mass
expect to occur during this stage?
A) An excessive shedding of skin cells resulting in thin, fragile skin
B) Development of presbyopia that results in difficulty seeing close up
C) An increased basal metabolic rate that results in overeating
D) An increased cardiac output that results in hypotension
Correct Answer: Development of presbyopia that results in difficulty seeing close up
Rationale: In early adulthood (ages 20-40), physical growth is complete, but degenerative
changes begin, such as presbyopia, the loss of the eye's ability to focus on near objects. Skin
becomes less elastic, cardiac output decreases, and metabolic rate slows .
2. A 40-year-old client is having an annual eye examination and notes a decline in visual acuity.
What is the most likely cause of this symptom at this age?
A) Cataracts
B) Glaucoma
C) Presbyopia
D) Macular degeneration
Correct Answer: Presbyopia
Rationale: Presbyopia is a common age-related change in the lens of the eye that typically
becomes noticeable around age 40, causing difficulty focusing on close objects. This is a normal
physiological change of middle adulthood .
3. The nurse is providing education about nutrition to a young adult. Which statement indicates
an understanding of proper nutrition during this life stage?
,A) "I can eat whatever I want because my metabolism is at its peak."
B) "I should avoid carbohydrates to maintain my weight."
C) "A healthy diet is important to prevent chronic diseases later in life."
D) "Supplements can replace a balanced diet."
Correct Answer: "A healthy diet is important to prevent chronic diseases later in life."
Rationale: Nutritional needs in early adulthood focus on maintaining health and preventing
future chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes. Metabolic rate begins to decline,
making weight management important. Education on portion control, nutrient-dense foods, and
healthy habits is key .
4. Which psychosocial task is the primary developmental challenge for the young adult
according to Erikson?
A) Industry vs. Inferiority
B) Identity vs. Role Confusion
C) Intimacy vs. Isolation
D) Generativity vs. Stagnation
Correct Answer: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Rationale: Erikson's psychosocial stage for young adulthood (20-40 years) is Intimacy vs.
Isolation. The major task is forming intimate, loving relationships with others. Failure to do so
can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness .
5. The nurse is assessing a young adult who is concerned about stress from work. Which is the
most appropriate recommendation?
A) "Take on extra work to prove your value."
, B) "Learn to say NO to extra work when necessary."
C) "Avoid discussing stress with coworkers."
D) "Work longer hours to reduce worry."
Correct Answer: "Learn to say NO to extra work when necessary."
Rationale: Young adults often face stress from work-life balance. Setting healthy boundaries,
such as saying "no" to additional responsibilities when overwhelmed, is a key health promotion
strategy. This helps prevent burnout and stress-related illness .
6. The nurse is caring for a 50-year-old male client and discusses routine health promotion
screenings. Which screening should the nurse include in this discussion?
A) Thyroid levels
B) Colonoscopy
C) Testicular ultrasound
D) Skin lesion mapping
Correct Answer: Colonoscopy
Rationale: Routine screenings for middle-aged adults include colonoscopy starting at age 45-50
for colorectal cancer detection. This is a key health promotion activity for this age group. Other
screenings include cholesterol and blood pressure checks .
7. A client in middle adulthood asks the nurse about common physical changes. Which change is
the nurse most likely to discuss?
A) Decreased skin elasticity and wrinkles
B) Rapid growth of height
C) Increase in muscle mass
