2026 HESI PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Which part of the kidney does mannitol (Osmitrol) act on? - ✔✔Proximal Tubule and
Loop of Henle
✔✔Which antihypertensive drug is used for both lowering blood pressure and reduce
anxiety caused by opioid withdrawal? - ✔✔Clonidine (Catapres)
Teaching: Self-monitoring of blood pressure is very important.
✔✔When should the clonidine (Catapres) patch be changed? - ✔✔Every 7 days.
Report itching or redness of skin to the HCP.
✔✔Which nonsalicylate analgesic is given to patients who are allergic aspirin? -
✔✔Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Treat mild to moderate pain and reduces fevers.
Also, used to treat children with fever and fever like symptoms.
✔✔An elderly patient has been admitted to the emergency room with signs and
symptoms of jaundice. The patient states that he takes over the counter acetaminophen
(Tylenol) to relieve his arthritis pains often. Which adverse effect of this medication does
the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? - ✔✔Acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose
can cause liver toxicity.
✔✔Define: bacteriostatic - ✔✔Blocks bacterial reproduction or slows down the bacterial
growth.
✔✔Define: bactericidal - ✔✔Kills bacteria.
, ✔✔Which antibiotics are nephrotoxic? - ✔✔Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin (systemic infections)
Capreomycin
Streptomycin
Acyclovir
✔✔What are the signs and symptoms of nephrotoxicity? - ✔✔Proteinuria, hematuria,
increased BUN level, decreased urine output, and increased creatine levels.
✔✔Which antibiotics are ototoxic? - ✔✔Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin
Streptomycin
Vancomycin
✔✔What are the signs and symptoms of ototoxicity? - ✔✔Tinnitus, Hearing Loss
(irreversible), Lightheadedness, Vertigo
✔✔What do macrolides treat? - ✔✔azithromycin (Zithromax)- infection
clarithromycin (Biaxin)- H. pylori (traveler's diarrhea)
fidaxomicin (Dificid)- C. Diff
✔✔What are cephalosporins used for? - ✔✔Respiratory infections, ear infections,
bone/joint infections, UTIs, STDs, and after a sexual assault.
✔✔What medications are given prophylactically to a patient after sexual abuse? -
✔✔ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
metronidazole (Flagyl)
azithromycin (Zithromax)
✔✔What are aminoglycosides? - ✔✔Good for gram negative: E. Coli, Pseudomonas
(the "-mycins")
Streptomycin
Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Vacomycin
✔✔What are fluroquinolones? - ✔✔Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Infection and anthrax exposure.
Teach patient to increase fluids to avoid kidney stones.
✔✔What is dronedarone (Multaq) used for? - ✔✔Heart rhythm issues.
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Which part of the kidney does mannitol (Osmitrol) act on? - ✔✔Proximal Tubule and
Loop of Henle
✔✔Which antihypertensive drug is used for both lowering blood pressure and reduce
anxiety caused by opioid withdrawal? - ✔✔Clonidine (Catapres)
Teaching: Self-monitoring of blood pressure is very important.
✔✔When should the clonidine (Catapres) patch be changed? - ✔✔Every 7 days.
Report itching or redness of skin to the HCP.
✔✔Which nonsalicylate analgesic is given to patients who are allergic aspirin? -
✔✔Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Treat mild to moderate pain and reduces fevers.
Also, used to treat children with fever and fever like symptoms.
✔✔An elderly patient has been admitted to the emergency room with signs and
symptoms of jaundice. The patient states that he takes over the counter acetaminophen
(Tylenol) to relieve his arthritis pains often. Which adverse effect of this medication does
the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? - ✔✔Acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose
can cause liver toxicity.
✔✔Define: bacteriostatic - ✔✔Blocks bacterial reproduction or slows down the bacterial
growth.
✔✔Define: bactericidal - ✔✔Kills bacteria.
, ✔✔Which antibiotics are nephrotoxic? - ✔✔Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin (systemic infections)
Capreomycin
Streptomycin
Acyclovir
✔✔What are the signs and symptoms of nephrotoxicity? - ✔✔Proteinuria, hematuria,
increased BUN level, decreased urine output, and increased creatine levels.
✔✔Which antibiotics are ototoxic? - ✔✔Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin
Streptomycin
Vancomycin
✔✔What are the signs and symptoms of ototoxicity? - ✔✔Tinnitus, Hearing Loss
(irreversible), Lightheadedness, Vertigo
✔✔What do macrolides treat? - ✔✔azithromycin (Zithromax)- infection
clarithromycin (Biaxin)- H. pylori (traveler's diarrhea)
fidaxomicin (Dificid)- C. Diff
✔✔What are cephalosporins used for? - ✔✔Respiratory infections, ear infections,
bone/joint infections, UTIs, STDs, and after a sexual assault.
✔✔What medications are given prophylactically to a patient after sexual abuse? -
✔✔ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
metronidazole (Flagyl)
azithromycin (Zithromax)
✔✔What are aminoglycosides? - ✔✔Good for gram negative: E. Coli, Pseudomonas
(the "-mycins")
Streptomycin
Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Vacomycin
✔✔What are fluroquinolones? - ✔✔Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Infection and anthrax exposure.
Teach patient to increase fluids to avoid kidney stones.
✔✔What is dronedarone (Multaq) used for? - ✔✔Heart rhythm issues.
