NBEO Part 1 Exam Questions and Answers
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
A 32-year old female is seen at Isotretinoin, birth control pills, and
your diuretics, among
office complaining of a recent many other drugs, can cause myopia in
onset some
of blurred vision, only at a patients. Myopia mostly likely results from
distance. corneal
A thorough case history reveals swelling, which steepens the curvature of
that the
she recently began taking a new cornea. Drugs that cause swelling of the
medication which you correctly lens,
assume has induced myopia. accommodative spasm, or edema of the
Which ciliary
of the following medications is body will also result in myopia. A reduction
MOST in the
likely to be the culprit? dose of the medication or cessation of the
offending drug will usually result in reversal
of
nearsightedness. Fish oil, Tylenol, and
Tums have
not been shown to have a correlation with
transient
myopia development.
,An increased rate of molecular Facilitated diffusion is described as the net
movement down its respective movement of molecules down its
concentration gradient via help concentration
from gradient whose rate of diffusion is
carrier proteins refers to which increased via the
type use of carrier proteins. Passive diffusion
of transportation? refers to
the movement of molecules through a
plasma
membrane from an area of high
concentration to
an area of low concentration without the
use of
carrier molecules. Active transport implies
the
movement of material against its
respective
concentration gradient. This type of
transport
requires energy and enlists the use of
specific
carrier proteins. Lastly, group translocation
is
defined as the chemical modification of a
molecule
while it is being transported into a cell; for
example, sugars are often phosphorylated
during
transportation.
,A 24-year old female patient Topical antihistamines and mast cell
presents at your office complaining stabilizers such
of side effects that began when as Patanol (olopatadine) are commonly
she prescribed
started using Patanol to treat her to relieve the symptoms associated with
ocular allergies. She reports ocular
complete compliance with her eye allergies. They are a very effective class of
drop administration. Which of the medication due to their dual action
following symptoms is MOST likely mechanisms.
associated with olopatadine Topical antihistamines that possess this
(Patanol) use? dual action
are olopatadine (Patanol), ketotifen
fumarate
(Zaditor), azelastine (Optivar), and
epinastine
(Elestat). The aforementioned drops serve
to
alleviate itching and redness by blocking
H1
receptors as well as inhibiting mast cell
and
basophil degranulation. Side effects of
topical
antihistamine/mast cell stabilizers include
stinging
upon instillation, headaches, and adverse
taste
(don't forget to inform your patients about
punctual
occlusion!). Tachycardia, depression,
gastrointestinal discomfort, and visual
hallucinations have not been reported with
Patanol
use.
, A 63-year old female is seen at Sodium chloride is a topical hyperosmotic
your agent
office with a chief concern of blurry used to relieve stromal edema caused by
vision in the morning that takes endothelial decompensation. Topical
about an hour to resolve before steroids work
she well to decrease swelling caused by
can see clearly again. inflammation.
Biomicroscopy In the above case, the corneal edema is
reveals endothelial guttata. You not
correctly diagnose her with mitigated by an inflammatory response.
moderate Fuch's dystrophy. Which Tobramycin
ophthalmic drop would be of and Vigamox would be of no benefit since
MOST there is
benefit to her? no active infection, and prescribing either
of these
would only lead to corneal toxicity or
increased
pathogen resistance over time.
A deficiency of which vitamin leads A deficiency of vitamin A causes prolonged
to prolonged dark adaptation? dark
adaptation. Vitamin A is classified as a
retinoid, and
its active form is retinol. Retinol is
necessary for the
formation of rhodopsin, a pigment used by
rods.
Rods are most active in situations with dim
illumination. Less rhodopsin results in
fewer rods
being able to respond in low levels of light,
causing prolonged dark adaption.
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
A 32-year old female is seen at Isotretinoin, birth control pills, and
your diuretics, among
office complaining of a recent many other drugs, can cause myopia in
onset some
of blurred vision, only at a patients. Myopia mostly likely results from
distance. corneal
A thorough case history reveals swelling, which steepens the curvature of
that the
she recently began taking a new cornea. Drugs that cause swelling of the
medication which you correctly lens,
assume has induced myopia. accommodative spasm, or edema of the
Which ciliary
of the following medications is body will also result in myopia. A reduction
MOST in the
likely to be the culprit? dose of the medication or cessation of the
offending drug will usually result in reversal
of
nearsightedness. Fish oil, Tylenol, and
Tums have
not been shown to have a correlation with
transient
myopia development.
,An increased rate of molecular Facilitated diffusion is described as the net
movement down its respective movement of molecules down its
concentration gradient via help concentration
from gradient whose rate of diffusion is
carrier proteins refers to which increased via the
type use of carrier proteins. Passive diffusion
of transportation? refers to
the movement of molecules through a
plasma
membrane from an area of high
concentration to
an area of low concentration without the
use of
carrier molecules. Active transport implies
the
movement of material against its
respective
concentration gradient. This type of
transport
requires energy and enlists the use of
specific
carrier proteins. Lastly, group translocation
is
defined as the chemical modification of a
molecule
while it is being transported into a cell; for
example, sugars are often phosphorylated
during
transportation.
,A 24-year old female patient Topical antihistamines and mast cell
presents at your office complaining stabilizers such
of side effects that began when as Patanol (olopatadine) are commonly
she prescribed
started using Patanol to treat her to relieve the symptoms associated with
ocular allergies. She reports ocular
complete compliance with her eye allergies. They are a very effective class of
drop administration. Which of the medication due to their dual action
following symptoms is MOST likely mechanisms.
associated with olopatadine Topical antihistamines that possess this
(Patanol) use? dual action
are olopatadine (Patanol), ketotifen
fumarate
(Zaditor), azelastine (Optivar), and
epinastine
(Elestat). The aforementioned drops serve
to
alleviate itching and redness by blocking
H1
receptors as well as inhibiting mast cell
and
basophil degranulation. Side effects of
topical
antihistamine/mast cell stabilizers include
stinging
upon instillation, headaches, and adverse
taste
(don't forget to inform your patients about
punctual
occlusion!). Tachycardia, depression,
gastrointestinal discomfort, and visual
hallucinations have not been reported with
Patanol
use.
, A 63-year old female is seen at Sodium chloride is a topical hyperosmotic
your agent
office with a chief concern of blurry used to relieve stromal edema caused by
vision in the morning that takes endothelial decompensation. Topical
about an hour to resolve before steroids work
she well to decrease swelling caused by
can see clearly again. inflammation.
Biomicroscopy In the above case, the corneal edema is
reveals endothelial guttata. You not
correctly diagnose her with mitigated by an inflammatory response.
moderate Fuch's dystrophy. Which Tobramycin
ophthalmic drop would be of and Vigamox would be of no benefit since
MOST there is
benefit to her? no active infection, and prescribing either
of these
would only lead to corneal toxicity or
increased
pathogen resistance over time.
A deficiency of which vitamin leads A deficiency of vitamin A causes prolonged
to prolonged dark adaptation? dark
adaptation. Vitamin A is classified as a
retinoid, and
its active form is retinol. Retinol is
necessary for the
formation of rhodopsin, a pigment used by
rods.
Rods are most active in situations with dim
illumination. Less rhodopsin results in
fewer rods
being able to respond in low levels of light,
causing prolonged dark adaption.
