Biology EOC Practice Test Questions with Correct
Answers
activation energy
energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes
active transport
movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell
adaptation
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
allele
the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive
amino acid
basic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures
structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in form or function
anaphase
the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward
opposite poles
antibiotic
compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
antibody
,a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen that has entered the
body
antigen
substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
archaea
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan
ATP
a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
autotroph
organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own
food; also called a producer
bacteria
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans
bacteriophage
virus that infects bacteria
base deletion
mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the
resulting protein
base insertion
mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on
the resulting protein
, base-pair substitution
a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by another pair of
nucleotides
behavioral adaptation
an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like escaping from predators or find a
mate
binary fission
asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two identical cells
fetus
an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main
recognizable features of the mature animal
fever
a rise in the temperature of the body
fitness
the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
food chain
a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
food web
a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem
fossil
Answers
activation energy
energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes
active transport
movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell
adaptation
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
allele
the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive
amino acid
basic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures
structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in form or function
anaphase
the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward
opposite poles
antibiotic
compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
antibody
,a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen that has entered the
body
antigen
substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
archaea
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan
ATP
a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
autotroph
organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own
food; also called a producer
bacteria
domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycans
bacteriophage
virus that infects bacteria
base deletion
mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the
resulting protein
base insertion
mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on
the resulting protein
, base-pair substitution
a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by another pair of
nucleotides
behavioral adaptation
an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like escaping from predators or find a
mate
binary fission
asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two identical cells
fetus
an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main
recognizable features of the mature animal
fever
a rise in the temperature of the body
fitness
the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
food chain
a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
food web
a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem
fossil
