Biology 1010 Exam 2 latESt 2026 actUal QUEStioNS aNd
vERifiEd aNSWERS (latESt UpdatE) a+ gRadE 100%
gUaRaNtEE vERifiEd By ExpERtS
activation energy - aNSWER-the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical
reaction
active site - aNSWER-The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.
active transport - aNSWER-energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
ADP - aNSWER-A molecule composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups. The
molecule ATP is made by combining a molecule of ADP with a third phosphate in an
energy-consuming reaction.
ATP - aNSWER-A molecule composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups; the
main energy source for cells.
calorie - aNSWER-The amount of energy that raises the temperature of 1 g of water by
1°C.
chemical energy - aNSWER-Energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules; a form of
potential energy.
concentration gradient - aNSWER-An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical
substance within a given region. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of
hydrogen ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists, the ions or other
chemical substances involved tend to move from where they are more concentrated to
where they are less concentrated.
,conservation of energy - aNSWER-The principle that energy can neither be created nor
destroyed.
diffusion - aNSWER-The spontaneous movement of particles of any kind down a
concentration gradient; that is, movement of particles from where they are more
concentrated to where they are less concentrated.endocytosis
endocytosis - aNSWER-The movement of materials into the cytoplasm of a cell via
vesicles or vacuoles.
Energy - aNSWER-The capacity to perform work, or to move matter in a direction it would
not move if left alone.
Entropy - aNSWER-A measure of disorder, or randomness. One form of disorder is heat,
which is random molecular motion.
enzyme inhibitors - aNSWER-A chemical that interferes with an enzyme's activity by
changing the enzyme's shape, either by plugging up the active site or binding to another
site on the enzyme.
enzymes - aNSWER-A protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a
chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process.
exocytosis - aNSWER-The movement of materials out of the cytoplasm of a cell via
membranous vesicles or vacuoles.
facilitated diffusion - aNSWER-The passage of a substance across a biological
membrane down its concentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins.
feedback regulation - aNSWER-A method of metabolic control in which the end product
of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
, hypertonic - aNSWER-In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with the greater
concentration of solutes.
induced fit - aNSWER-The interaction between a substrate molecule and the active site of
an enzyme, which changes shape slightly to embrace the substrate and catalyze the
reaction.
isotonic - aNSWER-Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
kinetic energy - aNSWER-Energy of motion. Moving matter performs work by transferring
its motion to other matter, such as leg muscles pushing bicycle pedals.
metabolism - aNSWER-The total of all the chemical reactions in an organism.
osmoregulation - aNSWER-The control of the gain or loss of water and dissolved solutes
in an organism.
osmosis - aNSWER-The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
passive transport - aNSWER-The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
without any input of energy.
phagocytosis - aNSWER-Cellular "eating"; a type of endocytosis whereby a cell engulfs
large molecules, other cells, or particles into its cytoplasm.
pinocytosis - aNSWER-Cellular "drinking"; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes
fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles.
plasmolysis - aNSWER-A phenomenon that occurs in plant cells in a hypertonic
environment. The cell loses water and shrivels, and its plasma membrane pulls away
from the cell wall, usually killing the cell.
vERifiEd aNSWERS (latESt UpdatE) a+ gRadE 100%
gUaRaNtEE vERifiEd By ExpERtS
activation energy - aNSWER-the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical
reaction
active site - aNSWER-The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.
active transport - aNSWER-energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
ADP - aNSWER-A molecule composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups. The
molecule ATP is made by combining a molecule of ADP with a third phosphate in an
energy-consuming reaction.
ATP - aNSWER-A molecule composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups; the
main energy source for cells.
calorie - aNSWER-The amount of energy that raises the temperature of 1 g of water by
1°C.
chemical energy - aNSWER-Energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules; a form of
potential energy.
concentration gradient - aNSWER-An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical
substance within a given region. Cells often maintain concentration gradients of
hydrogen ions across their membranes. When a gradient exists, the ions or other
chemical substances involved tend to move from where they are more concentrated to
where they are less concentrated.
,conservation of energy - aNSWER-The principle that energy can neither be created nor
destroyed.
diffusion - aNSWER-The spontaneous movement of particles of any kind down a
concentration gradient; that is, movement of particles from where they are more
concentrated to where they are less concentrated.endocytosis
endocytosis - aNSWER-The movement of materials into the cytoplasm of a cell via
vesicles or vacuoles.
Energy - aNSWER-The capacity to perform work, or to move matter in a direction it would
not move if left alone.
Entropy - aNSWER-A measure of disorder, or randomness. One form of disorder is heat,
which is random molecular motion.
enzyme inhibitors - aNSWER-A chemical that interferes with an enzyme's activity by
changing the enzyme's shape, either by plugging up the active site or binding to another
site on the enzyme.
enzymes - aNSWER-A protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a
chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process.
exocytosis - aNSWER-The movement of materials out of the cytoplasm of a cell via
membranous vesicles or vacuoles.
facilitated diffusion - aNSWER-The passage of a substance across a biological
membrane down its concentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins.
feedback regulation - aNSWER-A method of metabolic control in which the end product
of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
, hypertonic - aNSWER-In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with the greater
concentration of solutes.
induced fit - aNSWER-The interaction between a substrate molecule and the active site of
an enzyme, which changes shape slightly to embrace the substrate and catalyze the
reaction.
isotonic - aNSWER-Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
kinetic energy - aNSWER-Energy of motion. Moving matter performs work by transferring
its motion to other matter, such as leg muscles pushing bicycle pedals.
metabolism - aNSWER-The total of all the chemical reactions in an organism.
osmoregulation - aNSWER-The control of the gain or loss of water and dissolved solutes
in an organism.
osmosis - aNSWER-The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
passive transport - aNSWER-The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
without any input of energy.
phagocytosis - aNSWER-Cellular "eating"; a type of endocytosis whereby a cell engulfs
large molecules, other cells, or particles into its cytoplasm.
pinocytosis - aNSWER-Cellular "drinking"; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes
fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles.
plasmolysis - aNSWER-A phenomenon that occurs in plant cells in a hypertonic
environment. The cell loses water and shrivels, and its plasma membrane pulls away
from the cell wall, usually killing the cell.
