CERTIFIED LACTATION CONSULTANT
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Women who do not BF are at risk for what other diseases?.
Answer: Type 2 Diabetes
Myocardial Infarction
Metabolic Syndrome
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
◉ PPAD Postpartum adjustment disorder.
Answer: 85% of women experience mood changes with hormonal
changes, lack of support, and many life changes
◉ Weight loss and BF.
Answer: Not significant. Research shows women who BF loss
approximately 3lbs more after 6 months of EBF
◉ Research regarding Babies who have been BF indicate:.
Answer: 1. Increase odds of upward mobility
,2. Higher IQ's, more years of education, high income at age 30
◉ How does breastmilk impact the NICU?.
Answer: -Chances of sepsis decreased by 19% (10mL/day of human
milk)
-NICU costs lower
-Lower risk of getting NEC
-Better scores on the Bayley
◉ Do milk banks heat treat milk?.
Answer: Yes, Destroys bacteria/viruses (e.g. HIV, Herpes, CMV).
Retains 90% of nutrients
◉ What are some problems with using formula?.
Answer: -Sometimes they are recalled
-Can be contaminated (e.g. Botulism)
◉ What are other routes for contamination?.
Answer: -Contaminated breast pumps
-Water used to dilute formula
-Additives such as melamine
-Contaminated bottles
,-Dirty bottle nipples
◉ What other feeding issues are associated with formula feeding?.
Answer: -Reflux (can be due to mechanics, food, and/or physiologic
immaturity)
-Colic (3 hours of inconsolable crying for 3 days between 3 weeks
and 3 months of age) May be related to microbiome.
-Anaphylaxis (relented to cow's milk based formula)
-Allergies (to soy or cow's milk based formulas). Can cause gut
bleeding.
-Formula intolerance
◉ What are some marketing claims that the formula companies use
to increase sales?.
Answer: Adding Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs)
to formula
◉ What about homemade formulas?.
Answer: Animal milks and plant-based drinks. Can cause electrolyte
imbalances, scurvy, and other problems.
◉ Contraindication to BF or feeding EBM.
Answer: -Infant diagnosed with galactosemia.
, -Mother has HIV
-Mother has HTLV1 or 2 (Human T-Cell Lympphotrophic Virus)
[Japan]
-Mother using drugs.
-Mother has Ebola
◉ When should a mother not breastfeed, but can express milk for
use?.
Answer: -Active tuberculosis (mother can resume, once treated for 2
weeks and is no longer contagious)
-Active chicken pox (Varicella)
◉ What does the research say about a woman's decision to BF?.
Answer: -Influenced by embodied knowledge (from observing BF)
-Does not come from prenatal education
-Providers are not adequately addressing women's concerns about
BF
◉ Why do women choose formula over BF?.
Answer: -More comfortable with idea of FF.
-It's easier. BF seems hard.
-Other people's negative experiences.
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Women who do not BF are at risk for what other diseases?.
Answer: Type 2 Diabetes
Myocardial Infarction
Metabolic Syndrome
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
◉ PPAD Postpartum adjustment disorder.
Answer: 85% of women experience mood changes with hormonal
changes, lack of support, and many life changes
◉ Weight loss and BF.
Answer: Not significant. Research shows women who BF loss
approximately 3lbs more after 6 months of EBF
◉ Research regarding Babies who have been BF indicate:.
Answer: 1. Increase odds of upward mobility
,2. Higher IQ's, more years of education, high income at age 30
◉ How does breastmilk impact the NICU?.
Answer: -Chances of sepsis decreased by 19% (10mL/day of human
milk)
-NICU costs lower
-Lower risk of getting NEC
-Better scores on the Bayley
◉ Do milk banks heat treat milk?.
Answer: Yes, Destroys bacteria/viruses (e.g. HIV, Herpes, CMV).
Retains 90% of nutrients
◉ What are some problems with using formula?.
Answer: -Sometimes they are recalled
-Can be contaminated (e.g. Botulism)
◉ What are other routes for contamination?.
Answer: -Contaminated breast pumps
-Water used to dilute formula
-Additives such as melamine
-Contaminated bottles
,-Dirty bottle nipples
◉ What other feeding issues are associated with formula feeding?.
Answer: -Reflux (can be due to mechanics, food, and/or physiologic
immaturity)
-Colic (3 hours of inconsolable crying for 3 days between 3 weeks
and 3 months of age) May be related to microbiome.
-Anaphylaxis (relented to cow's milk based formula)
-Allergies (to soy or cow's milk based formulas). Can cause gut
bleeding.
-Formula intolerance
◉ What are some marketing claims that the formula companies use
to increase sales?.
Answer: Adding Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs)
to formula
◉ What about homemade formulas?.
Answer: Animal milks and plant-based drinks. Can cause electrolyte
imbalances, scurvy, and other problems.
◉ Contraindication to BF or feeding EBM.
Answer: -Infant diagnosed with galactosemia.
, -Mother has HIV
-Mother has HTLV1 or 2 (Human T-Cell Lympphotrophic Virus)
[Japan]
-Mother using drugs.
-Mother has Ebola
◉ When should a mother not breastfeed, but can express milk for
use?.
Answer: -Active tuberculosis (mother can resume, once treated for 2
weeks and is no longer contagious)
-Active chicken pox (Varicella)
◉ What does the research say about a woman's decision to BF?.
Answer: -Influenced by embodied knowledge (from observing BF)
-Does not come from prenatal education
-Providers are not adequately addressing women's concerns about
BF
◉ Why do women choose formula over BF?.
Answer: -More comfortable with idea of FF.
-It's easier. BF seems hard.
-Other people's negative experiences.
