BIOS 251 FINAL EXAM 2026 SUMMER FALL
SESSION DETAILED QUESTIONS WITH 100
PERCENT VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
PREMIUM REVIEW MATERIAL GRADED A+
⩥ What is biochemistry? Answer: the study of the molecules that
compose living organisms
⩥ Element. Answer: the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of
properties
⩥ Atomic number (for an element). Answer: number of protons in the
nucleus
⩥ What are the 6 main elements in the body?. Answer: Oxygen, Carbon,
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus
⩥ Nucleus. Answer: Center of Atom
⩥ Protons. Answer: positive charge, mass=1 amu,
⩥ Neutrons. Answer: no charge, mass =1 amu
,⩥ Electrons. Answer: in concentric clouds surrounding nucleus, negative
charge, very low mass
⩥ Atomic Mass. Answer: Number of protons and neutrons
⩥ Isotopes. Answer: varieties of an element that differ only in the
number of neutrons
⩥ What can affect atomic weight?. Answer: extra neutrons
⩥ Why are isotopes of an element chemically similar?. Answer: they
have the same number of valence electrons
⩥ Radioisotopes. Answer: unstable isotopes that decay and give off
radiation
⩥ Ion. Answer: charged particle with unequal number of protons and
electrons
⩥ Ionization. Answer: transfer of electrons from one atom to another
⩥ Anion. Answer: particle with a net negative charge
, ⩥ Cation. Answer: particle with a net positive charge
⩥ Electrolyte. Answer: substances that ionize in water and form
solutions capable of conducting electric current
⩥ Electrolyte importance. Answer: Chemical reactivity, osmotic effects,
electrical excitability of nerve and muscle
⩥ What can electrolyte imbalance lead to?. Answer: coma or cardiac
arrest
⩥ Free Radicals. Answer: short-lived particles with an unusual number
of electrons; produced by normal metabolic reactions, radiation, certain
chemicals; trigger reactions that destroy molecules and can cause cancer,
aging, death of heart tissue
⩥ Antioxidants. Answer: chemicals that neutralize free radicals, SOD
(superoxide dismutase) is an antioxidant enzyme in the body; Selenium,
Vitamin C and E and carotenoids are antioxidants obtained through diet
⩥ Molecule. Answer: A particle made of two or more atoms bonded
together united by a chemical bond
SESSION DETAILED QUESTIONS WITH 100
PERCENT VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
PREMIUM REVIEW MATERIAL GRADED A+
⩥ What is biochemistry? Answer: the study of the molecules that
compose living organisms
⩥ Element. Answer: the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of
properties
⩥ Atomic number (for an element). Answer: number of protons in the
nucleus
⩥ What are the 6 main elements in the body?. Answer: Oxygen, Carbon,
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus
⩥ Nucleus. Answer: Center of Atom
⩥ Protons. Answer: positive charge, mass=1 amu,
⩥ Neutrons. Answer: no charge, mass =1 amu
,⩥ Electrons. Answer: in concentric clouds surrounding nucleus, negative
charge, very low mass
⩥ Atomic Mass. Answer: Number of protons and neutrons
⩥ Isotopes. Answer: varieties of an element that differ only in the
number of neutrons
⩥ What can affect atomic weight?. Answer: extra neutrons
⩥ Why are isotopes of an element chemically similar?. Answer: they
have the same number of valence electrons
⩥ Radioisotopes. Answer: unstable isotopes that decay and give off
radiation
⩥ Ion. Answer: charged particle with unequal number of protons and
electrons
⩥ Ionization. Answer: transfer of electrons from one atom to another
⩥ Anion. Answer: particle with a net negative charge
, ⩥ Cation. Answer: particle with a net positive charge
⩥ Electrolyte. Answer: substances that ionize in water and form
solutions capable of conducting electric current
⩥ Electrolyte importance. Answer: Chemical reactivity, osmotic effects,
electrical excitability of nerve and muscle
⩥ What can electrolyte imbalance lead to?. Answer: coma or cardiac
arrest
⩥ Free Radicals. Answer: short-lived particles with an unusual number
of electrons; produced by normal metabolic reactions, radiation, certain
chemicals; trigger reactions that destroy molecules and can cause cancer,
aging, death of heart tissue
⩥ Antioxidants. Answer: chemicals that neutralize free radicals, SOD
(superoxide dismutase) is an antioxidant enzyme in the body; Selenium,
Vitamin C and E and carotenoids are antioxidants obtained through diet
⩥ Molecule. Answer: A particle made of two or more atoms bonded
together united by a chemical bond
