TESTBANK FOR SOLE’S INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL
cf cf cf cf cf
cf CARE NURSING 9TH EDITION BY MARYBETH & LAUREN
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
,Chapter 01: Overview of Critical Care Nursing
cf cf cf cf cf cf
Sole: Introduction to Critical Care Nursing, 9th Edition
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
MULTIPLE CHOICE cf
1. Which of the following professional organizations best supports critical care nursing
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cf practice?
a. American Association of Critical-Care Nursing attendants cf cf cf cf cf
b. American Heart Association cf cf
c. American Nurses Association cf cf
d. Society of Critical Care Medicine cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE
cf ANSWER: A cf
Reasoning :->> The American Association of Critical-Care nurses is the specialty
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
organization that supports and represents critical care nursing attendants. The American
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Heart Association supports cardiovascular initiatives. The American Nurses Association
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
supports all nursing attendants. The Society of Critical CareMedicine represents the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
multiprofessional critical care team under the direction of an intensivist.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember/Knowledge REF: page. 5 cf cf cf cf
OBJ: Discuss the purposes and functions of the professional organizations that support critical
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
carepractice.
cf cf TOPIC: Nursing Process Step: N/A c f cf cf cf
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment
c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
2. A nursing attendant has been working as a staff nursing attendant in the surgical intensive
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
care unit for 2 years and isinterested in certification. Which credential would be most
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
applicable for the nursing attendant to seek?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. ACNPC-AG
b. CNML
c. CCRN
d. PCCN
ACCURATE
ANSWER: C
cf cf
Reasoning :->>The CCRN certification is appropriate for nursing attendants in bedside
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
practice who care for critically illhospital clients. The ACNPC-AG certification is for
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
acute care nursing attendant practitioners. The CNML is forcritical care nursing attendant
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
managers or leaders. The PCCN certification is for staff nursing attendants working in
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
progressive care, intermediate care, or step-down unit settings.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember/Knowledge REF: p. 6 cf cf cf cf c f cf
OBJ: Explain certification options for critical care nursing attendants.
cf cf c f TOPIC: Nursing
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf c f
Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care
cf cf cf cf c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Environment
cf
3. The main purpose of certification is to
cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. assure the consumer that you will not make a mistake. cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
b. prepare for graduate school. cf cf cf
c. promote magnet status for your facility. cf cf cf cf cf
d. validate knowledge of critical care nursing. cf cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER: D cf cf
, Reasoning :->>Certification assists in validating knowledge of the field, promotes
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
excellence in the profession, and helps nursing attendants to maintain their knowledge of
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
critical care nursing. Certificationhelps to assure the consumer that the nursing attendant
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
has a minimum level of knowledge; however, it does not ensure that care will be mistake-
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
free. Certification does not prepare one for graduate school; however, achieving
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
certification demonstrates motivation for achievement and professionalism. Magnet
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
facilities are rated on the number of certified nursing attendants; however, that isnot the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
purpose of certification.
cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember/Knowledge REF: p. 6 cf cf cf cf c f cf
OBJ: Explain certification options for critical care nursing attendants.
cf cf c f TOPIC: Nursing
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf c f
Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care
cf cf cf cf c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Environment
cf
4. The synergy model of practice focuses on
cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. allowing unrestricted visiting for the hospital client 24 hours a day.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
b. holistic and alternative therapies. cf cf cf
c. the needs of hospital clients and their families, which drive nursing competency.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
d. hospital clients’ needs for energy and support. cf cf cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER: C cf cf
Reasoning :->>The synergy model of practice states that the needs of hospital clients
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
and families influence and drive competencies of nursing attendants. Nursing practice
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
based on the synergy model would involvetailored visiting to meet the hospital client’s
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
and family’s needs and the application of alternative therapies if desired by the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
hospital client, but that is not the primary focus of the model.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember/Knowledge REF: cf cf
page. 6OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
nursing.
cf
TOPIC: Nursing Process Step: N/A c f cf cf cf
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs CategoN
cf cf ryU: R
SSafIN
eGanTdBE
.CfO
feM
ctive Care Environment cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
5. The family of your critically ill hospital client tells you that they have not spoken with
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
the physicianin over 24 hours and that they have some questions they want clarified.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
During morning rounds, you convey this concern to the attending intensivist and arrange
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a meeting with the family at 4:00 PM. Which competency of critical care nursing does
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
this represent?
cf cf
a. Advocacy and moral agency in solving ethical issues cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
b. Clinical judgment and clinical reasoning skills cf cf cf cf cf
c. Collaboration with hospital clients, families, and team members cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
d. Facilitation of learning for hospital clients, families, and team members cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER: C cf cf
Reasoning :->>Although one might consider that all of these competencies are
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
being addressed, communication and collaboration with the family and
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
physician best exemplify thecompetency of collaboration.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze/Analysis REF: page. 6 | Fig 1-3 | cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Box 1-1OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care nursing.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
TOPIC: Nursing Process Step: N/A c f cf cf cf
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment
c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
6. The AACN Standards for Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice use what framework
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
toguide critical care nursing practice?
cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. Evidence-based practice cf
, b. Healthy work environment cf cf
c. National Hospital client Safety Goals cf cf cf cf
d. Nursing process cf
ACCURATE ANSWER: D cf cf
Reasoning :->>The AACN Standards for Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
delineate the nursing process as applied to critically ill hospital clients: collect data,
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
determine diagnoses, identify expectedoutcomes, develop a plan of care, implement
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
interventions, and evaluate care. AACN promotes a healthy work environment, but this is
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
not included in its standards. The Joint Commission has established National Hospital
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
client Safety Goals, but these are not the AACN standards.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember/Knowledge REF: cf cf
page. 6OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
nursing.
cf
TOPIC: Nursing Process Step: N/A c f cf cf cf
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment
c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
7. The charge nursing attendant is responsible for making the hospital client assignments on
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
the critical care unit. An experienced, certified nursing attendant is assigned to care for the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
acutely ill hospital client with sepsis who also requires continuous renal replacement
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
therapy and mechanical ventilation. The nursing attendant withless than 1 year of
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
experience is assigned to two hospital clients who are more stable. This assignment
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
reflects implementation of the
cf cf cf cf
a. crew resource management model. cf cf cf
b. National Hospital client Safety Goals. cf cf cf cf
c. Quality and Safety Education for Nursing attendants (QSEN) model.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
d. synergy model of practice. cf cf cf
ACCUR
ATE
ANSW
cf
ER: D c f
Reasoning :->>This assignment demonstrates nursing care to meet the needs of the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
hospital client. The synergy model notes that the nursing attendant competencies are
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
matched to the hospital client characteristics. Crew resource management concepts are
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
related to team training; National Hospital client Safety Goals arespecified by The Joint
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Commission to promote safe care but do not incorporate the synergy model. The Quality
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
and Safety Education for Nursing attendants initiative involves targeted education
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ofundergraduate and graduate nursing students on quality and safety concepts.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze/Analysis REF: cf cf
page. 6OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
nursing.
cf
TOPIC: Nursing Process Step: N/A c f cf cf cf
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment
c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
8. The vision of the American Association of Critical-Care Nursing attendants is a health care
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
system drivenby
cf cf cf
a. a healthy work environment.
cf cf cf
b. care from a multiprofessional team under the direction of a critical care physician.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
c. the needs of critically ill hospital clients and families.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
d. respectful, healing, and humane environments. cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER: C cf cf
cf cf cf cf cf
cf CARE NURSING 9TH EDITION BY MARYBETH & LAUREN
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
,Chapter 01: Overview of Critical Care Nursing
cf cf cf cf cf cf
Sole: Introduction to Critical Care Nursing, 9th Edition
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
MULTIPLE CHOICE cf
1. Which of the following professional organizations best supports critical care nursing
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
cf practice?
a. American Association of Critical-Care Nursing attendants cf cf cf cf cf
b. American Heart Association cf cf
c. American Nurses Association cf cf
d. Society of Critical Care Medicine cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE
cf ANSWER: A cf
Reasoning :->> The American Association of Critical-Care nurses is the specialty
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
organization that supports and represents critical care nursing attendants. The American
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Heart Association supports cardiovascular initiatives. The American Nurses Association
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
supports all nursing attendants. The Society of Critical CareMedicine represents the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
multiprofessional critical care team under the direction of an intensivist.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember/Knowledge REF: page. 5 cf cf cf cf
OBJ: Discuss the purposes and functions of the professional organizations that support critical
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
carepractice.
cf cf TOPIC: Nursing Process Step: N/A c f cf cf cf
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment
c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
2. A nursing attendant has been working as a staff nursing attendant in the surgical intensive
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
care unit for 2 years and isinterested in certification. Which credential would be most
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
applicable for the nursing attendant to seek?
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. ACNPC-AG
b. CNML
c. CCRN
d. PCCN
ACCURATE
ANSWER: C
cf cf
Reasoning :->>The CCRN certification is appropriate for nursing attendants in bedside
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
practice who care for critically illhospital clients. The ACNPC-AG certification is for
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
acute care nursing attendant practitioners. The CNML is forcritical care nursing attendant
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
managers or leaders. The PCCN certification is for staff nursing attendants working in
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
progressive care, intermediate care, or step-down unit settings.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember/Knowledge REF: p. 6 cf cf cf cf c f cf
OBJ: Explain certification options for critical care nursing attendants.
cf cf c f TOPIC: Nursing
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf c f
Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care
cf cf cf cf c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Environment
cf
3. The main purpose of certification is to
cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. assure the consumer that you will not make a mistake. cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
b. prepare for graduate school. cf cf cf
c. promote magnet status for your facility. cf cf cf cf cf
d. validate knowledge of critical care nursing. cf cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER: D cf cf
, Reasoning :->>Certification assists in validating knowledge of the field, promotes
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
excellence in the profession, and helps nursing attendants to maintain their knowledge of
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
critical care nursing. Certificationhelps to assure the consumer that the nursing attendant
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
has a minimum level of knowledge; however, it does not ensure that care will be mistake-
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
free. Certification does not prepare one for graduate school; however, achieving
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
certification demonstrates motivation for achievement and professionalism. Magnet
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
facilities are rated on the number of certified nursing attendants; however, that isnot the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
purpose of certification.
cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember/Knowledge REF: p. 6 cf cf cf cf c f cf
OBJ: Explain certification options for critical care nursing attendants.
cf cf c f TOPIC: Nursing
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf c f
Process Step: N/AMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care
cf cf cf cf c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Environment
cf
4. The synergy model of practice focuses on
cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. allowing unrestricted visiting for the hospital client 24 hours a day.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
b. holistic and alternative therapies. cf cf cf
c. the needs of hospital clients and their families, which drive nursing competency.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
d. hospital clients’ needs for energy and support. cf cf cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER: C cf cf
Reasoning :->>The synergy model of practice states that the needs of hospital clients
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
and families influence and drive competencies of nursing attendants. Nursing practice
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
based on the synergy model would involvetailored visiting to meet the hospital client’s
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
and family’s needs and the application of alternative therapies if desired by the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
hospital client, but that is not the primary focus of the model.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember/Knowledge REF: cf cf
page. 6OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
nursing.
cf
TOPIC: Nursing Process Step: N/A c f cf cf cf
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs CategoN
cf cf ryU: R
SSafIN
eGanTdBE
.CfO
feM
ctive Care Environment cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
5. The family of your critically ill hospital client tells you that they have not spoken with
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
the physicianin over 24 hours and that they have some questions they want clarified.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
During morning rounds, you convey this concern to the attending intensivist and arrange
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
a meeting with the family at 4:00 PM. Which competency of critical care nursing does
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
this represent?
cf cf
a. Advocacy and moral agency in solving ethical issues cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
b. Clinical judgment and clinical reasoning skills cf cf cf cf cf
c. Collaboration with hospital clients, families, and team members cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
d. Facilitation of learning for hospital clients, families, and team members cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER: C cf cf
Reasoning :->>Although one might consider that all of these competencies are
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
being addressed, communication and collaboration with the family and
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
physician best exemplify thecompetency of collaboration.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze/Analysis REF: page. 6 | Fig 1-3 | cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Box 1-1OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care nursing.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
TOPIC: Nursing Process Step: N/A c f cf cf cf
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment
c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
6. The AACN Standards for Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice use what framework
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
toguide critical care nursing practice?
cf cf cf cf cf cf
a. Evidence-based practice cf
, b. Healthy work environment cf cf
c. National Hospital client Safety Goals cf cf cf cf
d. Nursing process cf
ACCURATE ANSWER: D cf cf
Reasoning :->>The AACN Standards for Acute and Critical Care Nursing Practice
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
delineate the nursing process as applied to critically ill hospital clients: collect data,
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
determine diagnoses, identify expectedoutcomes, develop a plan of care, implement
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
interventions, and evaluate care. AACN promotes a healthy work environment, but this is
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
not included in its standards. The Joint Commission has established National Hospital
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
client Safety Goals, but these are not the AACN standards.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember/Knowledge REF: cf cf
page. 6OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
nursing.
cf
TOPIC: Nursing Process Step: N/A c f cf cf cf
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment
c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
7. The charge nursing attendant is responsible for making the hospital client assignments on
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
the critical care unit. An experienced, certified nursing attendant is assigned to care for the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
acutely ill hospital client with sepsis who also requires continuous renal replacement
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
therapy and mechanical ventilation. The nursing attendant withless than 1 year of
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
experience is assigned to two hospital clients who are more stable. This assignment
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
reflects implementation of the
cf cf cf cf
a. crew resource management model. cf cf cf
b. National Hospital client Safety Goals. cf cf cf cf
c. Quality and Safety Education for Nursing attendants (QSEN) model.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
d. synergy model of practice. cf cf cf
ACCUR
ATE
ANSW
cf
ER: D c f
Reasoning :->>This assignment demonstrates nursing care to meet the needs of the
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
hospital client. The synergy model notes that the nursing attendant competencies are
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
matched to the hospital client characteristics. Crew resource management concepts are
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
related to team training; National Hospital client Safety Goals arespecified by The Joint
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
Commission to promote safe care but do not incorporate the synergy model. The Quality
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
and Safety Education for Nursing attendants initiative involves targeted education
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
ofundergraduate and graduate nursing students on quality and safety concepts.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze/Analysis REF: cf cf
page. 6OBJ: Describe standards of professional practice for critical care
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
nursing.
cf
TOPIC: Nursing Process Step: N/A c f cf cf cf
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment
c f cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
8. The vision of the American Association of Critical-Care Nursing attendants is a health care
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
system drivenby
cf cf cf
a. a healthy work environment.
cf cf cf
b. care from a multiprofessional team under the direction of a critical care physician.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
c. the needs of critically ill hospital clients and families.
cf cf cf cf cf cf cf cf
d. respectful, healing, and humane environments. cf cf cf cf
ACCURATE ANSWER: C cf cf
