NSG-318 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
pharmacology - Answers - study of drugs
drug - Answers - Chemical that affects physiologic process of a living organism
Nursing Implications - Answers - The concepts that a nurse must include when they are
safely administering medication
Identify the various routes of medication administration - Answers - Sublingual (buccal),
oral, transdermal (topical creams/ lotions), instillation (eye drops/sprays), inhalation,
nasogastric and gastrostomy tubes, suppositories, parenteral
6 rights of administration - Answers - 1. Right patient
2. Right drug
3. Right dose
4. Right route
5. Right time and frequency
6. Right documentation
List the components of a drug label - Answers - Chemical Name: structure of the drug
Generic name: the official drug name
Brand/ trade name: the easier proprietary name
Active and inactive ingredients
Warning/ possible side effects
Directions on use as well as what the drug is used for/ what it helps treat
normal vital signs (BP) - Answers - 120/80
Pharmacokinetics - Answers - what the body does to the drug
pharmacokinetic phases - Answers - -absorption (drug movement from GI tract into
bloodstream)
-distribution (protein binding, free drugs, BBB)
-metabolism (1/2 life, loading dose; liver)
-excretion (elimination, kidneys, creatinine clearance, BUN, GFR
factors that affect drug excretion - Answers - -drugs that affect renal excretion/decrease
CO
-diuretic use
-drugs that use same excretion method
-change of urine pH
-pt. with decreased renal or hepatic function
, 1/2 life (T 1/2) - Answers - Time it takes to get rid of half of the drug; gives us good time
to administer rest of the dose and when we can expect to see side effects
Loading dose - Answers - use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment
to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner
photosensitivity - Answers - - sensitivity to light
- ranges from the ability to orient to the sun to the ability to see
factors affecting absorption - Answers - Blood circulation
Pain, stress
Food texture, fat content, temperature
pH
Route of administration
factors affecting bioavailability - Answers - Drug form
Route of administration (IV is best)
Gastric mucosa and motility
Administration with food and other drugs
Changes in liver metabolism
what can affect absorption - Answers - Blood circulation, pain, stress, pH, administration
route, and food texture, fat content, and temperature
What is bioavailability? - Answers - The percentage of administered drug available for
activity.
what can affect bioavailability - Answers - The form of the drug, route of administration,
gastric mucosa and motility, administration with food and other drugs, and changes in
liver metabolism affect it.
what metabolizes drugs - Answers - liver
what excretes drugs - Answers - kidneys
what impacts drug excretion - Answers - drugs that affect renal excretion, drugs that
decrease cardiac output, diuretics, drugs that compete, urine pH, and decreased renal/
hepatic function
pharmacodynamics - Answers - what the drug does to the body
pharmacodynamics phases - Answers - receptor binding, postreceptor effects, chemical
reaction
primary response - Answers - desirable response
pharmacology - Answers - study of drugs
drug - Answers - Chemical that affects physiologic process of a living organism
Nursing Implications - Answers - The concepts that a nurse must include when they are
safely administering medication
Identify the various routes of medication administration - Answers - Sublingual (buccal),
oral, transdermal (topical creams/ lotions), instillation (eye drops/sprays), inhalation,
nasogastric and gastrostomy tubes, suppositories, parenteral
6 rights of administration - Answers - 1. Right patient
2. Right drug
3. Right dose
4. Right route
5. Right time and frequency
6. Right documentation
List the components of a drug label - Answers - Chemical Name: structure of the drug
Generic name: the official drug name
Brand/ trade name: the easier proprietary name
Active and inactive ingredients
Warning/ possible side effects
Directions on use as well as what the drug is used for/ what it helps treat
normal vital signs (BP) - Answers - 120/80
Pharmacokinetics - Answers - what the body does to the drug
pharmacokinetic phases - Answers - -absorption (drug movement from GI tract into
bloodstream)
-distribution (protein binding, free drugs, BBB)
-metabolism (1/2 life, loading dose; liver)
-excretion (elimination, kidneys, creatinine clearance, BUN, GFR
factors that affect drug excretion - Answers - -drugs that affect renal excretion/decrease
CO
-diuretic use
-drugs that use same excretion method
-change of urine pH
-pt. with decreased renal or hepatic function
, 1/2 life (T 1/2) - Answers - Time it takes to get rid of half of the drug; gives us good time
to administer rest of the dose and when we can expect to see side effects
Loading dose - Answers - use of a higher dose than what is usually used for treatment
to allow the drug to reach the critical concentration sooner
photosensitivity - Answers - - sensitivity to light
- ranges from the ability to orient to the sun to the ability to see
factors affecting absorption - Answers - Blood circulation
Pain, stress
Food texture, fat content, temperature
pH
Route of administration
factors affecting bioavailability - Answers - Drug form
Route of administration (IV is best)
Gastric mucosa and motility
Administration with food and other drugs
Changes in liver metabolism
what can affect absorption - Answers - Blood circulation, pain, stress, pH, administration
route, and food texture, fat content, and temperature
What is bioavailability? - Answers - The percentage of administered drug available for
activity.
what can affect bioavailability - Answers - The form of the drug, route of administration,
gastric mucosa and motility, administration with food and other drugs, and changes in
liver metabolism affect it.
what metabolizes drugs - Answers - liver
what excretes drugs - Answers - kidneys
what impacts drug excretion - Answers - drugs that affect renal excretion, drugs that
decrease cardiac output, diuretics, drugs that compete, urine pH, and decreased renal/
hepatic function
pharmacodynamics - Answers - what the drug does to the body
pharmacodynamics phases - Answers - receptor binding, postreceptor effects, chemical
reaction
primary response - Answers - desirable response
