NUR 1172/NUR1172 Final Exam V3 |
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A patient has been prescribed a clear liquid diet post-operatively. Which of the following
items should the nurse include on the patient’s meal tray?
A. Apple juice
B. Vanilla pudding
C. Orange juice with pulp
D. Cream of chicken soup
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Apple juice is considered a clear liquid because it is transparent at
room temperature and leaves minimal residue in the GI tract. Pulp-based juices, puddings,
and cream-based soups are classified as full liquids rather than clear liquids. Providing the
correct items is essential for patients transitioning from NPO status to prevent nausea and
vomiting.
2. When calculating the energy value of a food item containing 5 grams of fat, how many
kilocalories does the fat contribute?
A. 20 kcal
B. 35 kcal
,C. 60 kcal
D. 45 kcal
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Fat provides 9 kilocalories per gram, so 5 grams multiplied by 9
equals 45 kilocalories. In contrast, carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kilocalories per
gram. Understanding caloric density helps nurses educate patients on weight management
and energy balance.
3. A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about the DASH diet. Which food group
should be emphasized as a primary source of potassium?
A. Dairy products
B. Refined grains
C. Fruits and vegetables
D. Red meats
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet
emphasizes high intake of fruits and vegetables to provide potassium, magnesium, and
calcium. These minerals help regulate blood pressure by counteracting the effects of
sodium. Refined grains and red meats are typically limited in this dietary pattern to
improve cardiovascular health.
, 4. Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors and can be affected by
the use of Warfarin (Coumadin)?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin necessary for the hepatic synthesis
of clotting factors like prothrombin. Patients on Warfarin must maintain a consistent intake
of Vitamin K to prevent fluctuations in their International Normalized Ratio (INR). Sudden
increases in green leafy vegetables, which are high in Vitamin K, can decrease the
effectiveness of the medication.
5. A patient has a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 28. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
A. Underweight
B. Normal weight
C. Obese
D. Overweight
Correct Answer: D
Nutritional Principles in Nursing Q&A with
Rationale | Rasmussen University
1. A patient has been prescribed a clear liquid diet post-operatively. Which of the following
items should the nurse include on the patient’s meal tray?
A. Apple juice
B. Vanilla pudding
C. Orange juice with pulp
D. Cream of chicken soup
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Apple juice is considered a clear liquid because it is transparent at
room temperature and leaves minimal residue in the GI tract. Pulp-based juices, puddings,
and cream-based soups are classified as full liquids rather than clear liquids. Providing the
correct items is essential for patients transitioning from NPO status to prevent nausea and
vomiting.
2. When calculating the energy value of a food item containing 5 grams of fat, how many
kilocalories does the fat contribute?
A. 20 kcal
B. 35 kcal
,C. 60 kcal
D. 45 kcal
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Fat provides 9 kilocalories per gram, so 5 grams multiplied by 9
equals 45 kilocalories. In contrast, carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kilocalories per
gram. Understanding caloric density helps nurses educate patients on weight management
and energy balance.
3. A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about the DASH diet. Which food group
should be emphasized as a primary source of potassium?
A. Dairy products
B. Refined grains
C. Fruits and vegetables
D. Red meats
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet
emphasizes high intake of fruits and vegetables to provide potassium, magnesium, and
calcium. These minerals help regulate blood pressure by counteracting the effects of
sodium. Refined grains and red meats are typically limited in this dietary pattern to
improve cardiovascular health.
, 4. Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors and can be affected by
the use of Warfarin (Coumadin)?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin necessary for the hepatic synthesis
of clotting factors like prothrombin. Patients on Warfarin must maintain a consistent intake
of Vitamin K to prevent fluctuations in their International Normalized Ratio (INR). Sudden
increases in green leafy vegetables, which are high in Vitamin K, can decrease the
effectiveness of the medication.
5. A patient has a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 28. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
A. Underweight
B. Normal weight
C. Obese
D. Overweight
Correct Answer: D
