Test Bank - Introduction to Criminal Justice, 18th Edition by Siegel, Worrall | Complete Chapters | Updated Questions
Chapter 01 18e - Siegel
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Approximately how much does the criminal justice system cost federal, state, and local governments per year?
a. Almost $200 billion per year.
b. Almost $300 billion per year.
c. Almost $400 billion per year.
d. Almost $500 billion per year.
ANSWER: c
2. What is the in-presence requirement for police arrests?
a. Police must have a warrant to make any arrest.
b. Police must witness a misdemeanor personally to make an arrest.
c. Police must have probable cause for all arrests.
d. Police must read Miranda rights before making an arrest.
ANSWER: b
3. Which branch of government is responsible for the day-to-day operation of justice agencies?
a. Legislative branch.
b. Judicial branch.
c. Executive branch.
d. Administrative branch.
ANSWER: c
4. What does Megan’s Law typically require law enforcement officials to do?
a. Conduct mandatory background checks for all employment.
b. Maintain a registry of convicted sex offenders and make it available to the public.
c. Provide victim counseling services in all communities.
d. Establish special courts for handling sex offense cases.
ANSWER: b
5. What law movement began in New Jersey in 1994 after the murder of 7-year-old Megan Kanka?
a. Three strikes laws.
b. Megan’s Law movement.
c. Truth-in-sentencing laws.
d. Victim rights legislation.
ANSWER: b
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Chapter 01 18e - Siegel
6. What is the fundamental assumption underlying truth-in-sentencing laws from a social justice perspective?
a. Offenders should receive treatment rather than punishment.
b. Offenders should serve a substantial portion of their sentence to ensure equal treatment.
c. Sentences should be individualized based on offender characteristics.
d. Community-based alternatives are more effective than incarceration.
ANSWER: b
7. What is the purpose of bail in the criminal justice process?
a. To punish defendants before trial.
b. To ensure the return of a criminal defendant for trial.
c. To determine guilt or innocence.
d. To provide funding for court operations.
ANSWER: b
8. Approximately how many law enforcement agencies exist in the United States?
a. Almost 15,000 agencies.
b. Almost 18,000 agencies.
c. Almost 21,000 agencies.
d. Almost 24,000 agencies.
ANSWER: b
9. According to the typical outcome data, what happens to most felony defendants in the criminal justice system?
a. Most are dismissed or diverted before prosecution.
b. Most go to trial and are convicted by juries.
c. Most are sentenced to prison terms.
d. Most are released on probation without conviction.
ANSWER: a
10. What is the primary function of the judicial branch in the criminal justice system?
a. To create and enforce criminal laws.
b. To interpret existing laws and determine whether they meet constitutional requirements.
c. To operate law enforcement agencies on a daily basis.
d. To provide funding for criminal justice agencies.
ANSWER: b
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Chapter 01 18e - Siegel
11. A community wants to evaluate whether their new drug treatment program actually reduces recidivism.
According to evidence-based justice principles, what factor should they prioritize in their evaluation?
a. The program should target high-risk offenders with the greatest probability of recidivating.
b. The program should focus on low-risk offenders to ensure high success rates.
c. The evaluation should prioritize cost reduction over effectiveness measures.
d. The program should avoid randomized testing to ensure all participants receive treatment.
ANSWER: a
12. What does the criminal justice funnel concept reveal about case processing in the system?
a. All cases receive equal treatment regardless of their severity.
b. Most people who commit crimes escape detection, and few who are caught are ultimately imprisoned.
c. The system processes cases more efficiently at higher levels.
d. Serious crimes are more likely to be dismissed than minor offenses.
ANSWER: b
13. What ethical dilemma arises when police departments implement profit-generating activities like paid details or
ticket-writing campaigns?
a. The conflict between public service and financial gain potentially compromising law enforcement priorities.
b. The challenge of recruiting qualified officers for specialized assignments.
c. The difficulty of coordinating with other law enforcement agencies.
d. The problem of maintaining adequate staffing levels during regular shifts.
ANSWER: a
14. How do the due process and crime control perspectives differ in their approach to constitutional protections?
a. Due process emphasizes constitutional rights while crime control views them as obstacles to effectiveness.
b. Crime control supports stronger constitutional protections than due process.
c. Both perspectives equally value constitutional protections.
d. Due process ignores constitutional rights in favor of efficiency.
ANSWER: a
15. Which federal act provided funding for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)?
a. The Crime Control Act of 1967.
b. The Safe Streets and Crime Control Act of 1968.
c. The Law Enforcement Act of 1969.
d. The Criminal Justice Reform Act of 1970.
ANSWER: b
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, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 18e - Siegel
16. A police officer conducts an investigation that takes several years and involves hundreds of law enforcement
agents. This scenario most closely resembles which type of criminal investigation mentioned in the chapter?
a. A routine traffic stop leading to immediate arrest.
b. The Golden State Killer investigation that lasted more than 40 years.
c. A domestic violence call requiring immediate response.
d. A shoplifting incident resolved within hours.
ANSWER: b
17. How does the wedding cake model explain the public’s distorted impression of the justice system?
a. The media focuses on Level I cases, which are atypical of how the system normally operates.
b. The public only sees Level IV cases, which represent the majority of criminal activity.
c. Level II and III cases receive disproportionate media coverage.
d. The model shows that all cases are treated equally regardless of their nature.
ANSWER: a
18. What does the nonintervention perspective advocate for regarding nonviolent offenders?
a. Longer prison sentences to deter future crime.
b. Deinstitutionalization and removal from the correctional system.
c. Mandatory treatment programs in secure facilities.
d. Enhanced surveillance and monitoring in the community.
ANSWER: b
19. A prosecutor has evidence that a suspect committed burglary, but the evidence was obtained through an illegal
search. What ethical obligation does the prosecutor have?
a. The prosecutor should use the evidence to ensure public safety.
b. The prosecutor should take action to remedy the legal violation, even if it means rejecting the case.
c. The prosecutor should let the judge decide whether to allow the evidence.
d. The prosecutor should negotiate a plea bargain to avoid trial.
ANSWER: b
20. What does Herbert Packer’s assembly-line metaphor suggest about the criminal justice process?
a. Each case receives individualized attention and care.
b. Cases move through routinized operations designed to process them efficiently.
c. The system focuses primarily on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
d. All cases follow exactly the same procedures regardless of circumstances.
ANSWER: b
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Chapter 01 18e - Siegel
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Approximately how much does the criminal justice system cost federal, state, and local governments per year?
a. Almost $200 billion per year.
b. Almost $300 billion per year.
c. Almost $400 billion per year.
d. Almost $500 billion per year.
ANSWER: c
2. What is the in-presence requirement for police arrests?
a. Police must have a warrant to make any arrest.
b. Police must witness a misdemeanor personally to make an arrest.
c. Police must have probable cause for all arrests.
d. Police must read Miranda rights before making an arrest.
ANSWER: b
3. Which branch of government is responsible for the day-to-day operation of justice agencies?
a. Legislative branch.
b. Judicial branch.
c. Executive branch.
d. Administrative branch.
ANSWER: c
4. What does Megan’s Law typically require law enforcement officials to do?
a. Conduct mandatory background checks for all employment.
b. Maintain a registry of convicted sex offenders and make it available to the public.
c. Provide victim counseling services in all communities.
d. Establish special courts for handling sex offense cases.
ANSWER: b
5. What law movement began in New Jersey in 1994 after the murder of 7-year-old Megan Kanka?
a. Three strikes laws.
b. Megan’s Law movement.
c. Truth-in-sentencing laws.
d. Victim rights legislation.
ANSWER: b
Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 18e - Siegel
6. What is the fundamental assumption underlying truth-in-sentencing laws from a social justice perspective?
a. Offenders should receive treatment rather than punishment.
b. Offenders should serve a substantial portion of their sentence to ensure equal treatment.
c. Sentences should be individualized based on offender characteristics.
d. Community-based alternatives are more effective than incarceration.
ANSWER: b
7. What is the purpose of bail in the criminal justice process?
a. To punish defendants before trial.
b. To ensure the return of a criminal defendant for trial.
c. To determine guilt or innocence.
d. To provide funding for court operations.
ANSWER: b
8. Approximately how many law enforcement agencies exist in the United States?
a. Almost 15,000 agencies.
b. Almost 18,000 agencies.
c. Almost 21,000 agencies.
d. Almost 24,000 agencies.
ANSWER: b
9. According to the typical outcome data, what happens to most felony defendants in the criminal justice system?
a. Most are dismissed or diverted before prosecution.
b. Most go to trial and are convicted by juries.
c. Most are sentenced to prison terms.
d. Most are released on probation without conviction.
ANSWER: a
10. What is the primary function of the judicial branch in the criminal justice system?
a. To create and enforce criminal laws.
b. To interpret existing laws and determine whether they meet constitutional requirements.
c. To operate law enforcement agencies on a daily basis.
d. To provide funding for criminal justice agencies.
ANSWER: b
Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 18e - Siegel
11. A community wants to evaluate whether their new drug treatment program actually reduces recidivism.
According to evidence-based justice principles, what factor should they prioritize in their evaluation?
a. The program should target high-risk offenders with the greatest probability of recidivating.
b. The program should focus on low-risk offenders to ensure high success rates.
c. The evaluation should prioritize cost reduction over effectiveness measures.
d. The program should avoid randomized testing to ensure all participants receive treatment.
ANSWER: a
12. What does the criminal justice funnel concept reveal about case processing in the system?
a. All cases receive equal treatment regardless of their severity.
b. Most people who commit crimes escape detection, and few who are caught are ultimately imprisoned.
c. The system processes cases more efficiently at higher levels.
d. Serious crimes are more likely to be dismissed than minor offenses.
ANSWER: b
13. What ethical dilemma arises when police departments implement profit-generating activities like paid details or
ticket-writing campaigns?
a. The conflict between public service and financial gain potentially compromising law enforcement priorities.
b. The challenge of recruiting qualified officers for specialized assignments.
c. The difficulty of coordinating with other law enforcement agencies.
d. The problem of maintaining adequate staffing levels during regular shifts.
ANSWER: a
14. How do the due process and crime control perspectives differ in their approach to constitutional protections?
a. Due process emphasizes constitutional rights while crime control views them as obstacles to effectiveness.
b. Crime control supports stronger constitutional protections than due process.
c. Both perspectives equally value constitutional protections.
d. Due process ignores constitutional rights in favor of efficiency.
ANSWER: a
15. Which federal act provided funding for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)?
a. The Crime Control Act of 1967.
b. The Safe Streets and Crime Control Act of 1968.
c. The Law Enforcement Act of 1969.
d. The Criminal Justice Reform Act of 1970.
ANSWER: b
Page 3
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01 18e - Siegel
16. A police officer conducts an investigation that takes several years and involves hundreds of law enforcement
agents. This scenario most closely resembles which type of criminal investigation mentioned in the chapter?
a. A routine traffic stop leading to immediate arrest.
b. The Golden State Killer investigation that lasted more than 40 years.
c. A domestic violence call requiring immediate response.
d. A shoplifting incident resolved within hours.
ANSWER: b
17. How does the wedding cake model explain the public’s distorted impression of the justice system?
a. The media focuses on Level I cases, which are atypical of how the system normally operates.
b. The public only sees Level IV cases, which represent the majority of criminal activity.
c. Level II and III cases receive disproportionate media coverage.
d. The model shows that all cases are treated equally regardless of their nature.
ANSWER: a
18. What does the nonintervention perspective advocate for regarding nonviolent offenders?
a. Longer prison sentences to deter future crime.
b. Deinstitutionalization and removal from the correctional system.
c. Mandatory treatment programs in secure facilities.
d. Enhanced surveillance and monitoring in the community.
ANSWER: b
19. A prosecutor has evidence that a suspect committed burglary, but the evidence was obtained through an illegal
search. What ethical obligation does the prosecutor have?
a. The prosecutor should use the evidence to ensure public safety.
b. The prosecutor should take action to remedy the legal violation, even if it means rejecting the case.
c. The prosecutor should let the judge decide whether to allow the evidence.
d. The prosecutor should negotiate a plea bargain to avoid trial.
ANSWER: b
20. What does Herbert Packer’s assembly-line metaphor suggest about the criminal justice process?
a. Each case receives individualized attention and care.
b. Cases move through routinized operations designed to process them efficiently.
c. The system focuses primarily on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
d. All cases follow exactly the same procedures regardless of circumstances.
ANSWER: b
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