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Exam (elaborations)

NR 511 Week 4 Midterm Exam - Differential Diagnosis & Primary Care Q&A (2026/2027)

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This high-yield study guide is a compiled collection of practice questions and verified answers for the NR 511 Midterm Exam (Week 4). It focuses on differential diagnosis and management in primary care, covering essential topics such as musculoskeletal disorders (Gout, RA, Herniated Discs), women’s health (Atrophic Vaginitis, STDs, Postpartum Depression), neurological conditions (MS, ICP, Seizures), and professional practice ethics. Perfect for APRN students seeking a concise review of clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, and first-line treatments for the midterm.

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_NR_511_WEEK_4_MIDTERM_EXAM__COMPILED_FROM_RETIRED_EXAMS_V1


1. Women are at the highest risk for developing postpartum depression for up to how long after
childbirth? (Points : 2)
• x 2 weeks
• 1 month
• 3 months
• 6 months

2. CPT coding offers the uniformed language used for reporting medical services and procedures
performed by physician and nonphysician practitioners. Clinicians are paid based on calculated resource
costs that are calculated based on practice components. Which of the following are part of the
components used to calculate the per CPT code payment rate? (Points : 2)
• Clinician education loans
• Clinician practice liability and malpractice expense
• Clinician reported cost reduction efforts
• x Clinician volume of patients treated

Question 3. 3. Janet is a 30-year-old woman who has been recently diagnosed with a herniated disc at
the level of L5-S1. She is currently in the emergency room with suspicion of cauda equina compression.
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of cauda equina compression? (Points : 2)
• Gastrocnemius weakness
• x A reduced or absent ankle reflex
• Numbness in the lateral foot
• Paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks

4. A 58-year-old woman who had a total abdominal hysterectomy at the age of 45 is diagnosed with
atrophic vaginitis. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? (Points : 2)
• Conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg/day oral
• Estradiol 7.5 mcg/24 hr vaginal ring
• Medroxyprogesterone 10 mg/day oral
• x Conjugated estrogen 0.3 mg + medroxyprogesterone 1.5 mg/day oral


5. Which of the following is a specific test for multiple sclerosis (MS)? (Points : 2)
• x Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Computed tomography (CT) scan
• A lumbar puncture
• There is no specific test.


6. Most adult poisonings are: (Points : 2)
• intentional and self-inflicted.
• x accidental.
• caused by someone wishing to do harm to the person.
• not attributed to any reason.

7. A 60-year-old man presents with an enlarged scrotum. The clinician uses a penlight to
transilluminate the scrotum. In a patient with a hydrocele, what would the clinician expect to find?
(Points : 2)
• The scrotum will be dark.
• x The scrotum will appear light pink or yellow.
• The scrotum will appear milky white.

,_NR_511_WEEK_4_MIDTERM_EXAM__COMPILED_FROM_RETIRED_EXAMS_V1


• The internal structures will be clearly visible.

8. Which clinical feature is the first to be affected in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? (Points : 2)
• Decrease in level of consciousness (LOC)
• x Headache
• Nausea
• Widening pulse pressure

9. Mr. S presents in the clinic with pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling of his left great toe. The
clinician suspects acute gout. Which of the following should the clinician suspect in the initial test results
for this patient? (Points : 2)
• x Elevated uric acid level
• Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
• Decreased urine pH
• Decreased C-reactive protein (CRP)


10. Which solution should be used when irrigating lacerated tissue over a wound on the arm? (Points)
• x Dilute povidone-iodine solution
• Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
• Saline solution infused with an antibiotic
• Saline irrigation or soapy water


11. Which ethical principle reflects respect for all persons and their self-determination? (Points : 2)
• x Autonomy
• Beneficence
• Justice
• Veracity


12. During a digital rectal exam (DRE) on a 75-year-old man, the clinician suspects the patient has
prostate cancer. What physical finding should make the clinician suspicious? (Points : 2)
• An enlarged rubbery gland
• x A hard irregular gland
• A tender gland
• A boggy gland


13. How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with diabetes? (Points : 2)
• x Once a year
• Every 6 months
• Every 3 months
• Every visit


14. Which of the following signs or symptoms indicate an inflammatory etiology to musculoskeletal
pain? (Points : 2)
• x Decreased C-reactive protein
• Hyperalbuminemia
• Morning stiffness

, _NR_511_WEEK_4_MIDTERM_EXAM__COMPILED_FROM_RETIRED_EXAMS_V1


• Weight gain


15. Which of the following medications is the treatment of choice for trichomonas? (Points: 2)
• x Metronidazole
• Ceftriaxone
• Diflucan
• Doxycycline


16. Immunizations are an example of which type of prevention? (Points: 2)
• Primary
• x Secondary
• Tertiary


17. What is the treatment of choice for a patient diagnosed with testicular cancer? (Points : 2)
• Radical orchidectomy
• Lumpectomy
• Radiation implants
• x All of the above


18. George, aged 59, complains of a flulike illness, including fever, chills, and myalgia after returning
from visiting his grandchildren in New England. He reports having discovered a rash or red spot that
grew in size on his right leg. What disease are you considering? (Points : 2)
• x A viral syndromes
• Lyme disease
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever
• Relapsing fever


19. A 24-year-old woman presents to the clinic with dysuria, dyspareunia, and a mucopurulent vaginal
discharge. Her boyfriend was recently treated for nongonococcal urethritis. What sexually transmitted
disease (STD) has she most probably been exposed to? (Points : 2)
• x Gonorrhea
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Chlamydia
• Trichomonas

20. What is usually the first sign or symptom that a patient would present with that would make you
suspect herpes zoster? (Points : 2)
• A stabbing type of pain on one small area of the body
• x A vesicular skin lesion on one side of the body
• A pain that is worse upon awakening
• A lesion on the exterior ear canal


21. Which drug commonly prescribed for burns is active against a wide spectrum of microbial
pathogens and is the most frequently used agent for partial- and full-thickness thermal injuries? (Points
: 2)
• Clotrimazole cream (Lotrimen)

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