COSC 275 Final Exam Palmer
Estimating---ans-✔✔The-process-of-determining-the-anticipated-cost-of-materials,-
labor,-and-equipment-of-a-proposed-project.
Take-off---ans-✔✔The-process-in-which-detailed-lists-are-compiled,-based-on-
drawings-and-specifications,-of-all-the-material-and-equipment-necessary-to-construct-
a-project.-The-cost-estimator-uses-this-list-to-calculate-how-much-it-will-cost-to-build-
the-project.
Quantities---ans-✔✔Measured-amounts-of-construction-items-expressed-in-their-
customary-units.
Quantification---ans-✔✔In-estimating-an-activity-to-translate-project-scope-information-
into-resource-quantities-suitable-for
Quantity-survey---ans-✔✔A-detailed-analysis-of-material-and-equipment-required-to-
construct-a-project.
Area---ans-✔✔A-measurement-of-a-given-planar-region-or-of-the-surface-of-a-solid.
Area-method---ans-✔✔A-construction-cost-estimating-system-employing-unit-square-
foot-costs-multiplied-by-the-adjusted-gross-floor-area-of-a-building.
Length---ans-✔✔The-longest-dimension-of-an-object.
Linear-measurement---ans-✔✔A-unit-or-system-of-units-for-measuring-length:-
12"-=-1',-3'-=-1-yard,-1-yard-=-0.9144-meters,-1-mile-=-5,280-feet.
Dimension---ans-✔✔A-distance-between-two-points,-lines,-or-planes.
Specifications---ans-✔✔Documents-that-define-the-qualitative-requirements-for-
products,-materials,-and-workmanship-upon-which-the-contract-for-construction-is-
based.
Drawings---ans-✔✔Graphic-illustrations-depicting-the-dimensions,-design,-and-
location-of-a-project.-Generally-including-plans,-elevations,-details,-diagrams,-
schedules,-and-sections.
Addendum---ans-✔✔A-document-describing-an-addition,-change,-correction,-or-
modification-to-contract-documents.-An-addendum-is-issued-by-the-design-
, professional-during-the-bidding-period-or-prior-to-the-award-of-contract,-and-is-the-
primary-method-of-informing-bidders-of-modifications-to-the-work-during-the-bidding-
process.-Addenda-become-part-of-the-contract-documents.
Amendment---ans-✔✔A-modification-of-the-contract-by-a-subsequent-agreement.-This-
does-not-change-the-entire-existing-contract-but-does-alter-the-terms-of-the-affected-
provisions-or-requirements.
Grade---ans-✔✔The-surface-or-level-of-the-ground.
Level---ans-✔✔A-term-used-to-describe-any-horizontal-surface-that-has-all-points-at-
the-same-elevation-and-thus-does-not-tilt-or-slope.
Site---ans-✔✔The-location-of-a-project-geographically,-usually-defined-by-legal-
boundaries.
Elevation---ans-✔✔A-vertical-distance-relative-to-a-reference-point.
Cut-and-fill---ans-✔✔An-operation-commonly-used-in-road-building-and-other-rock-and-
earth-moving-operations-in-which-the-material-excavated-and-removed-from-one-
location-is-used-as-fill-material-at-another-location.
Fill---ans-✔✔The-soil-or-other-material-used-to-raise-the-grade-of-a-site-area.
Foundation---ans-✔✔The-entire-masonry-substructure-below-the-first-floor-or-frame-of-
a-building,-including-the-footing-upon-which-the-building-rests.
Grade-beam---ans-✔✔A-horizontal-end-supported-(as-opposed-to-ground-supported)-
load-bearing-foundation-member-that-supports-an-exterior-wall-of-a-superstructure.
Width---ans-✔✔The-measurement-or-extent-of-something-from-side-to-side.
Footing---ans-✔✔That-portion-of-the-foundation-of-a-structure-that-spreads-and-
transmits-the-load-directly-to-the-soil.
Reinforced-concrete---ans-✔✔Concrete-containing-adequate-reinforcement,-
prestressed-or-not-prestressed,-and-designed-on-the-assumption-that-the-two-
materials-(steel-and-concrete)-act-together-in-resisting-forces.
Reinforcing-bar---ans-✔✔A-steel-bar,-usually-with-manufactured-deformations,-used-in-
concrete-and-masonry-construction-to-provide-additional-strength.
Footing-beam---ans-✔✔A-reinforced-concrete-beam-connecting-pile-caps-or-spread-
footings-to-distribute-horizontal-loads-caused-by-eccentric-loading.
Estimating---ans-✔✔The-process-of-determining-the-anticipated-cost-of-materials,-
labor,-and-equipment-of-a-proposed-project.
Take-off---ans-✔✔The-process-in-which-detailed-lists-are-compiled,-based-on-
drawings-and-specifications,-of-all-the-material-and-equipment-necessary-to-construct-
a-project.-The-cost-estimator-uses-this-list-to-calculate-how-much-it-will-cost-to-build-
the-project.
Quantities---ans-✔✔Measured-amounts-of-construction-items-expressed-in-their-
customary-units.
Quantification---ans-✔✔In-estimating-an-activity-to-translate-project-scope-information-
into-resource-quantities-suitable-for
Quantity-survey---ans-✔✔A-detailed-analysis-of-material-and-equipment-required-to-
construct-a-project.
Area---ans-✔✔A-measurement-of-a-given-planar-region-or-of-the-surface-of-a-solid.
Area-method---ans-✔✔A-construction-cost-estimating-system-employing-unit-square-
foot-costs-multiplied-by-the-adjusted-gross-floor-area-of-a-building.
Length---ans-✔✔The-longest-dimension-of-an-object.
Linear-measurement---ans-✔✔A-unit-or-system-of-units-for-measuring-length:-
12"-=-1',-3'-=-1-yard,-1-yard-=-0.9144-meters,-1-mile-=-5,280-feet.
Dimension---ans-✔✔A-distance-between-two-points,-lines,-or-planes.
Specifications---ans-✔✔Documents-that-define-the-qualitative-requirements-for-
products,-materials,-and-workmanship-upon-which-the-contract-for-construction-is-
based.
Drawings---ans-✔✔Graphic-illustrations-depicting-the-dimensions,-design,-and-
location-of-a-project.-Generally-including-plans,-elevations,-details,-diagrams,-
schedules,-and-sections.
Addendum---ans-✔✔A-document-describing-an-addition,-change,-correction,-or-
modification-to-contract-documents.-An-addendum-is-issued-by-the-design-
, professional-during-the-bidding-period-or-prior-to-the-award-of-contract,-and-is-the-
primary-method-of-informing-bidders-of-modifications-to-the-work-during-the-bidding-
process.-Addenda-become-part-of-the-contract-documents.
Amendment---ans-✔✔A-modification-of-the-contract-by-a-subsequent-agreement.-This-
does-not-change-the-entire-existing-contract-but-does-alter-the-terms-of-the-affected-
provisions-or-requirements.
Grade---ans-✔✔The-surface-or-level-of-the-ground.
Level---ans-✔✔A-term-used-to-describe-any-horizontal-surface-that-has-all-points-at-
the-same-elevation-and-thus-does-not-tilt-or-slope.
Site---ans-✔✔The-location-of-a-project-geographically,-usually-defined-by-legal-
boundaries.
Elevation---ans-✔✔A-vertical-distance-relative-to-a-reference-point.
Cut-and-fill---ans-✔✔An-operation-commonly-used-in-road-building-and-other-rock-and-
earth-moving-operations-in-which-the-material-excavated-and-removed-from-one-
location-is-used-as-fill-material-at-another-location.
Fill---ans-✔✔The-soil-or-other-material-used-to-raise-the-grade-of-a-site-area.
Foundation---ans-✔✔The-entire-masonry-substructure-below-the-first-floor-or-frame-of-
a-building,-including-the-footing-upon-which-the-building-rests.
Grade-beam---ans-✔✔A-horizontal-end-supported-(as-opposed-to-ground-supported)-
load-bearing-foundation-member-that-supports-an-exterior-wall-of-a-superstructure.
Width---ans-✔✔The-measurement-or-extent-of-something-from-side-to-side.
Footing---ans-✔✔That-portion-of-the-foundation-of-a-structure-that-spreads-and-
transmits-the-load-directly-to-the-soil.
Reinforced-concrete---ans-✔✔Concrete-containing-adequate-reinforcement,-
prestressed-or-not-prestressed,-and-designed-on-the-assumption-that-the-two-
materials-(steel-and-concrete)-act-together-in-resisting-forces.
Reinforcing-bar---ans-✔✔A-steel-bar,-usually-with-manufactured-deformations,-used-in-
concrete-and-masonry-construction-to-provide-additional-strength.
Footing-beam---ans-✔✔A-reinforced-concrete-beam-connecting-pile-caps-or-spread-
footings-to-distribute-horizontal-loads-caused-by-eccentric-loading.
