Primary FRCA Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Exam | Most Recent Exam Actual Complete Real Exam 213 Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ |Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam | Just Released!!

Primary FRCA Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Exam | Most Recent Exam Actual Complete Real Exam
213 Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Already Graded A+ |Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam
| Just Released!!

Understand drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion,
receptor theory, and anaesthetic drug interactions. (213 cards)


1
Q
Which factors affect drug transfer through the placenta?
ANSWERS
 Lipid solubility: More lipid soluble, greater transfer
 Ionisation: More ionised, less transfer
 Protein binding: More binding, less transfer
 pH: Affects ionisation and transfer
 Molecular weight: Larger molecules pass less readily.
2
Q
Describe a covalent bond.
ANSWERS
Two atoms share outer shell electrons. The negatively charged
electrons attract both nuclei, overcoming their repulsion, forming a
strong bond.
Occurs between non-metals.

,3
Q
Describe an ionic bond.
ANSWERS
An outer electron is transferred from one atom to another, creating a
negatively charged ion (anion) and a positively charged ion (cation),
resulting in electrostatic attraction.
Occurs between metals and non-metals.
4
Q
What is the rate constant?
ANSWERS
Rate of change in plasma concentration per unit time.
In first-order kinetics, it relates the rate of change of plasma
concentration to the concentration at a given time.
5
Q
What is the time constant?
ANSWERS
Time taken for plasma concentration to reach zero if it continued at
its initial rate.
This is also the time for plasma concentration to reach 1/e (about
37%) of its original value.
6
Q
State the equations that relate half-life to volume of distribution,
clearance, rate constant and time constant.

,ANSWERS
t1/2 = 0.693 x Vd/Cl
t1/2 = 0.693/k
t1/2 = 0.693 x time constant
7
Q
List drugs associated with gynaecomastia.
ANSWERS
 Digoxin
 Spironolactone
 Isoniazid
 Cimetidine
8
Q
State the equation linking volume of distribution, target plasma
concentration, and initial dose.
ANSWERS
Loading dose (mg) = target concentration (mg/ml) × volume of
distribution (ml)
9
Q
Which enzyme converts codeine to morphine?
ANSWERS
CYP2D6
10
Q

, Give an example of a drug that is metabolised by red cell esterases.
ANSWERS
Esmolol
11
Q
How do you determine the steady state concentration of a drug using
infusion rate and clearance?
ANSWERS
 Steady State Conc = Infusion Rate / Clearance
 At steady state, input = output.
 Infusion Rate = Elimination Rate
 Elimination Rate = Clearance (L/min) × Steady State Conc.
12
Q
Which types of reaction are carried out by the CYP450 system?
ANSWERS
 Oxidation
 Reduction
 Hydrolysis
 Dealkylation
 Deamination
13
Q
What effect does probenecid have on plasma penicillin levels if
coadministered?
ANSWERS