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PSY 101 (CAS) – Penn State University – Exam 1 Definitions Study Guide (key terms and concepts)

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This document contains Exam 1 preparation material for PSY 101 (CAS) at Penn State University, focusing specifically on key definitions and foundational psychology terms. It covers essential vocabulary, core concepts, and introductory theories typically tested in early psychology exams. The material is structured as a concise revision tool to support memorization and understanding of fundamental course terminology.

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PSY 101 (CAS) – Penn State University – Exam 1 Definitions Study
Guide (key terms and concepts)


psychology - correct answer ✔✔the scientific study of the behavior of humans & other animals



behavior - correct answer ✔✔anything that an organism does involving action & response to
stimulation



empirical - correct answer ✔✔based on or characterized by observation & experiment rather
than theory



theory - correct answer ✔✔the analysis of a set of facts in their relation to one another



hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔a tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its
logical & empirical aspects



data - correct answer ✔✔factual information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion or
calculation



independent variable - correct answer ✔✔something the researcher decides



dependent variable - correct answer ✔✔something you are measuring



US (unconditioned stimulus) - correct answer ✔✔a stimulus that leads to a response that is not
learned (i.e. a dog salivating when it smells food)



CS (conditioned stimulus) - correct answer ✔✔a stimulus that leads to a response that is
learned (i.e. a dog salivating when it hears a bell, because that means it's dinner time)

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