Nur-265 Exam 2 (Latest 2026/2027 Update) 100% Verified Questions & Answers |
Grade A+
1. systole: Contraction of the heart, closing of mitral and tricuspid valves, S1, "Lub"
2. diastole: Relaxation of the heart, closing of the semilunar valves, S2, "Dub"
3. S1 is loudest at:: apex
4. S2 is loudest at:: base
5. S3: *Volume overload problem
heard in diastole and is hard to hear and can be heard in healthy people up to 30. Can be called a ventiruclar gallop,in an
older person volume overload with too much fluid (rhythm problem, heart failure)
6. S4: *Stitt ventricles problem
can be heard in healthy young people, ventricles have gotten stitt (can indicate hypertrophy)
7. Precordium: chest area in front of the heart
8. PMI: point of maximal impulse
9. Murmurs: a swooshing or blowing sound
Cause: valve issue, lots of exercise....
10. Cardiac assessment history/overview: Chest Pain: OLDCARTS
• Shortness of breath: Dyspnea "do you have any diflculty breathing?"
• Sleep position
-Nocturnal dyspnea (diflculty breathing problem breathing while lying flat)
-Orthopnea
• Dizziness/lightheadedness
• Cough "unusual cough?"
• Cyanosis/Pallor
-could be because Low cardiac output
• Fatigue (unusual tiredness, #1 symptom for females before they have a heart attack)
• Edema "Are you having any swelling, especially in legs, ankles, and feet?"
• Bilateral lower extremities
,• Weight gain "sudden weight gain?"
• Nocturia- nighttime pee "Do you pee a lot at night?" can be a sign of heart failure
• Medications- specifically hypertension medications
11. Cardiac Assessment risk factors: •History (family, personal) "do you or your family have any history
of cardiovascular problems?"
• Diet "tell me what you had to eat in the past 24 hours"
• Socioeconomic- someone who does not live in a safe place to walk, no access to gym
• Occupation- stressful jobs, sitting jobs (oflce, drivers)
• Cigarette use- how often, how long, what are your thoughts about quitting
• Activity level- what do you do for exercise
• Obesity
• Any current health problems
12. Infants: •Mother's health during pregnancy- viruses, drugs
• Cyanosis (breastfeeding, crying?)
• Eat without tiring?
• Meeting growth milestones
• How many naps? How long?-if they sleep too much when they should be active it could indicate heart problem
13. children: •Meeting growth milestones
• Any blue coloring during activity?
• Able to keep up with age mates? -stop and sit and not keep up with playmates
• Squatting to rest or assuming knee-chest position while sleeping?
• Chest pain?
• Family history
14. Physical assessment: -Inspection:Starts from doorway, what do you see?
-palpation
-auscultation
, 15. Assessment of carotid artery: •Inspect
• Palpate lightly for pulse
-Artery should be soft and pliable
-Pulse should be strong
-Palpate each separately
• Auscultate
-Bruit: Blowing or swishing (say no bruiting)
-Venous hum: child
16. Assessment of jugular vein: -Inspect supine at 45 degree angle
-fullness
-pulsations
17. Jugular Venous distention ( JVD): usually from failure of R side of heart
18. Assess precordium: •Inspect PMI
-Slight pulsation
-Lift/Heave (?)
• Palpate:
-Pulsation
-Thrill (?) Big vibrations
• Auscultate:
-5 locations
19. Auscultation: •Rate and Rhythm:
-60-100 bpm
-Regular rhythm
Grade A+
1. systole: Contraction of the heart, closing of mitral and tricuspid valves, S1, "Lub"
2. diastole: Relaxation of the heart, closing of the semilunar valves, S2, "Dub"
3. S1 is loudest at:: apex
4. S2 is loudest at:: base
5. S3: *Volume overload problem
heard in diastole and is hard to hear and can be heard in healthy people up to 30. Can be called a ventiruclar gallop,in an
older person volume overload with too much fluid (rhythm problem, heart failure)
6. S4: *Stitt ventricles problem
can be heard in healthy young people, ventricles have gotten stitt (can indicate hypertrophy)
7. Precordium: chest area in front of the heart
8. PMI: point of maximal impulse
9. Murmurs: a swooshing or blowing sound
Cause: valve issue, lots of exercise....
10. Cardiac assessment history/overview: Chest Pain: OLDCARTS
• Shortness of breath: Dyspnea "do you have any diflculty breathing?"
• Sleep position
-Nocturnal dyspnea (diflculty breathing problem breathing while lying flat)
-Orthopnea
• Dizziness/lightheadedness
• Cough "unusual cough?"
• Cyanosis/Pallor
-could be because Low cardiac output
• Fatigue (unusual tiredness, #1 symptom for females before they have a heart attack)
• Edema "Are you having any swelling, especially in legs, ankles, and feet?"
• Bilateral lower extremities
,• Weight gain "sudden weight gain?"
• Nocturia- nighttime pee "Do you pee a lot at night?" can be a sign of heart failure
• Medications- specifically hypertension medications
11. Cardiac Assessment risk factors: •History (family, personal) "do you or your family have any history
of cardiovascular problems?"
• Diet "tell me what you had to eat in the past 24 hours"
• Socioeconomic- someone who does not live in a safe place to walk, no access to gym
• Occupation- stressful jobs, sitting jobs (oflce, drivers)
• Cigarette use- how often, how long, what are your thoughts about quitting
• Activity level- what do you do for exercise
• Obesity
• Any current health problems
12. Infants: •Mother's health during pregnancy- viruses, drugs
• Cyanosis (breastfeeding, crying?)
• Eat without tiring?
• Meeting growth milestones
• How many naps? How long?-if they sleep too much when they should be active it could indicate heart problem
13. children: •Meeting growth milestones
• Any blue coloring during activity?
• Able to keep up with age mates? -stop and sit and not keep up with playmates
• Squatting to rest or assuming knee-chest position while sleeping?
• Chest pain?
• Family history
14. Physical assessment: -Inspection:Starts from doorway, what do you see?
-palpation
-auscultation
, 15. Assessment of carotid artery: •Inspect
• Palpate lightly for pulse
-Artery should be soft and pliable
-Pulse should be strong
-Palpate each separately
• Auscultate
-Bruit: Blowing or swishing (say no bruiting)
-Venous hum: child
16. Assessment of jugular vein: -Inspect supine at 45 degree angle
-fullness
-pulsations
17. Jugular Venous distention ( JVD): usually from failure of R side of heart
18. Assess precordium: •Inspect PMI
-Slight pulsation
-Lift/Heave (?)
• Palpate:
-Pulsation
-Thrill (?) Big vibrations
• Auscultate:
-5 locations
19. Auscultation: •Rate and Rhythm:
-60-100 bpm
-Regular rhythm
