McCance & Huether's Pathophysiology
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Questions And Correct Detailed Answers|
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1. Which of the following best describes the etiology of a disease?
A. The mechanism of tissue injury
B. The clinical manifestation of the disease
C. The cause or origin of the disease
D. The progression of the disease
Answer: C. The cause or origin of the disease
Rationale: Etiology refers to the study of the cause(s) of a disease,
which may be genetic, environmental, or multifactorial.
2. A patient with hypoxia develops a bluish discoloration of the
skin. This condition is called:
A. Erythema
B. Cyanosis
C. Pallor
D. Jaundice
Answer: B. Cyanosis
Rationale: Cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of skin and mucous
membranes due to reduced oxygen saturation in the blood.
3. Which type of cell injury is reversible?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
,C. Hydropic swelling
D. Gangrene
Answer: C. Hydropic swelling
Rationale: Hydropic swelling is an early, reversible form of cell injury
where water accumulates in the cytoplasm.
4. Which type of necrosis is commonly associated with ischemic
injury in the heart?
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Caseous
D. Fat
Answer: A. Coagulative
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is typical in hypoxic or ischemic
injury, especially in solid organs like the heart or kidney.
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of apoptosis?
A. Cell swelling and rupture
B. Inflammatory response
C. Programmed cell death with DNA fragmentation
D. Enzymatic digestion by bacteria
Answer: C. Programmed cell death with DNA fragmentation
Rationale: Apoptosis is a controlled process of cell death, usually
without inflammation.
6. A patient presents with high fever, chills, and elevated white
blood cells. This is an example of:
,A. Chronic inflammation
B. Acute inflammation
C. Autoimmune disease
D. Hypersensitivity reaction
Answer: B. Acute inflammation
Rationale: Acute inflammation is a rapid response to tissue injury or
infection characterized by fever, pain, redness, swelling, and
leukocytosis.
7. Which of the following cells is the first responder during acute
inflammation?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Neutrophils
C. Macrophages
D. Eosinophils
Answer: B. Neutrophils
Rationale: Neutrophils are the first leukocytes to arrive at the site of
acute inflammation to phagocytose pathogens.
8. What is the primary function of histamine in inflammation?
A. Promote phagocytosis
B. Increase vascular permeability
C. Stimulate antibody production
D. Destroy pathogens
Answer: B. Increase vascular permeability
Rationale: Histamine released by mast cells causes vasodilation and
increased permeability, allowing immune cells to access injured
tissue.
, 9. Which type of shock is caused by severe infection?
A. Hypovolemic
B. Cardiogenic
C. Septic
D. Neurogenic
Answer: C. Septic
Rationale: Septic shock is a life-threatening condition caused by
widespread infection, leading to systemic vasodilation and
hypotension.
10. A patient has edema caused by lymphatic obstruction. This is
called:
A. Pitting edema
B. Non-pitting edema
C. Anasarca
D. Ascites
Answer: B. Non-pitting edema
Rationale: Lymphatic obstruction leads to protein-rich fluid
accumulation in tissues, causing firm, non-pitting edema.
11. Hypernatremia is most commonly caused by:
A. Excess water intake
B. Sodium loss
C. Water loss or sodium retention
D. Potassium imbalance
Answer: C. Water loss or sodium retention
Rationale: Hypernatremia occurs when water is lost relative to
sodium, or when sodium intake exceeds water intake.
Exam Preparation Newest With Complete
Questions And Correct Detailed Answers|
Brand New Version
1. Which of the following best describes the etiology of a disease?
A. The mechanism of tissue injury
B. The clinical manifestation of the disease
C. The cause or origin of the disease
D. The progression of the disease
Answer: C. The cause or origin of the disease
Rationale: Etiology refers to the study of the cause(s) of a disease,
which may be genetic, environmental, or multifactorial.
2. A patient with hypoxia develops a bluish discoloration of the
skin. This condition is called:
A. Erythema
B. Cyanosis
C. Pallor
D. Jaundice
Answer: B. Cyanosis
Rationale: Cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of skin and mucous
membranes due to reduced oxygen saturation in the blood.
3. Which type of cell injury is reversible?
A. Necrosis
B. Apoptosis
,C. Hydropic swelling
D. Gangrene
Answer: C. Hydropic swelling
Rationale: Hydropic swelling is an early, reversible form of cell injury
where water accumulates in the cytoplasm.
4. Which type of necrosis is commonly associated with ischemic
injury in the heart?
A. Coagulative
B. Liquefactive
C. Caseous
D. Fat
Answer: A. Coagulative
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is typical in hypoxic or ischemic
injury, especially in solid organs like the heart or kidney.
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of apoptosis?
A. Cell swelling and rupture
B. Inflammatory response
C. Programmed cell death with DNA fragmentation
D. Enzymatic digestion by bacteria
Answer: C. Programmed cell death with DNA fragmentation
Rationale: Apoptosis is a controlled process of cell death, usually
without inflammation.
6. A patient presents with high fever, chills, and elevated white
blood cells. This is an example of:
,A. Chronic inflammation
B. Acute inflammation
C. Autoimmune disease
D. Hypersensitivity reaction
Answer: B. Acute inflammation
Rationale: Acute inflammation is a rapid response to tissue injury or
infection characterized by fever, pain, redness, swelling, and
leukocytosis.
7. Which of the following cells is the first responder during acute
inflammation?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Neutrophils
C. Macrophages
D. Eosinophils
Answer: B. Neutrophils
Rationale: Neutrophils are the first leukocytes to arrive at the site of
acute inflammation to phagocytose pathogens.
8. What is the primary function of histamine in inflammation?
A. Promote phagocytosis
B. Increase vascular permeability
C. Stimulate antibody production
D. Destroy pathogens
Answer: B. Increase vascular permeability
Rationale: Histamine released by mast cells causes vasodilation and
increased permeability, allowing immune cells to access injured
tissue.
, 9. Which type of shock is caused by severe infection?
A. Hypovolemic
B. Cardiogenic
C. Septic
D. Neurogenic
Answer: C. Septic
Rationale: Septic shock is a life-threatening condition caused by
widespread infection, leading to systemic vasodilation and
hypotension.
10. A patient has edema caused by lymphatic obstruction. This is
called:
A. Pitting edema
B. Non-pitting edema
C. Anasarca
D. Ascites
Answer: B. Non-pitting edema
Rationale: Lymphatic obstruction leads to protein-rich fluid
accumulation in tissues, causing firm, non-pitting edema.
11. Hypernatremia is most commonly caused by:
A. Excess water intake
B. Sodium loss
C. Water loss or sodium retention
D. Potassium imbalance
Answer: C. Water loss or sodium retention
Rationale: Hypernatremia occurs when water is lost relative to
sodium, or when sodium intake exceeds water intake.
