Nursing Theory Exam 3 Study Guide 2026/2027 USA
1. Which of the following concepts is NOT considered a primary component of
the nursing metaparadigm?
A. Person
B. Environment
C. Research
D. Health
Answer: C
Rationale: The four components of the nursing metaparadigm are Person, Environment,
Health, and Nursing. Research is a tool used within the field but is not one of the four
central concepts.
2. Which nursing theorist is primarily associated with the ‘Self-Care Deficit
Nursing Theory’?
A. Imogene King
B. Sister Callista Roy
C. Jean Watson
D. Dorothea Orem
Answer: D
Rationale: Dorothea Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, which focuses
on the patient’s ability to perform self-care and the nurse’s role when a deficit exists.
,3. In Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory, what was her primary focus
regarding patient care?
A. The manipulation of the external environment to facilitate healing
B. Psychological counseling
C. Complex pharmacological interventions
D. Surgical precision
Answer: A
Rationale: Nightingale believed that fresh air, light, cleanliness, and quiet were essential
for the patient’s body to repair itself.
4. Which theorist developed the ‘Theory of Goal Attainment’?
A. Betty Neuman
B. Imogene King
C. Hildegard Peplau
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: B
Rationale: Imogene King’s theory emphasizes the transactional relationship between
nurse and patient to set and achieve health goals.
5. The ‘Adaptation Model’ of nursing was developed by which theorist?
A. Sister Callista Roy
B. Nola Pender
C. Madeleine Leininger
D. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Answer: A
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system
who responds to stimuli through four adaptive modes.
, 6. Jean Watson’s theory is best known for its emphasis on:
A. Efficient hospital management
B. Biological systems
C. Technological competency
D. The Science of Caring and Carative Factors
Answer: D
Rationale: Watson’s Theory of Human Caring focuses on the transpersonal caring
relationship and ten carative factors (later caritas processes).
7. Which theory focuses on the ‘Science of Unitary Human Beings’?
A. Margaret Newman
B. Patricia Benner
C. Virginia Henderson
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: D
Rationale: Martha Rogers proposed that humans and their environments are irreducible
energy fields in constant motion.
8. Which theorist is associated with the ‘Interpersonal Relations Theory’ in
nursing?
A. Dorothea Orem
B. Hildegard Peplau
C. Katharine Kolcaba
D. Afaf Meleis
Answer: B
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau is often called the ‘Mother of Psychiatric Nursing’ and focused
on the phases of the nurse-patient relationship.
1. Which of the following concepts is NOT considered a primary component of
the nursing metaparadigm?
A. Person
B. Environment
C. Research
D. Health
Answer: C
Rationale: The four components of the nursing metaparadigm are Person, Environment,
Health, and Nursing. Research is a tool used within the field but is not one of the four
central concepts.
2. Which nursing theorist is primarily associated with the ‘Self-Care Deficit
Nursing Theory’?
A. Imogene King
B. Sister Callista Roy
C. Jean Watson
D. Dorothea Orem
Answer: D
Rationale: Dorothea Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, which focuses
on the patient’s ability to perform self-care and the nurse’s role when a deficit exists.
,3. In Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory, what was her primary focus
regarding patient care?
A. The manipulation of the external environment to facilitate healing
B. Psychological counseling
C. Complex pharmacological interventions
D. Surgical precision
Answer: A
Rationale: Nightingale believed that fresh air, light, cleanliness, and quiet were essential
for the patient’s body to repair itself.
4. Which theorist developed the ‘Theory of Goal Attainment’?
A. Betty Neuman
B. Imogene King
C. Hildegard Peplau
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: B
Rationale: Imogene King’s theory emphasizes the transactional relationship between
nurse and patient to set and achieve health goals.
5. The ‘Adaptation Model’ of nursing was developed by which theorist?
A. Sister Callista Roy
B. Nola Pender
C. Madeleine Leininger
D. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Answer: A
Rationale: Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system
who responds to stimuli through four adaptive modes.
, 6. Jean Watson’s theory is best known for its emphasis on:
A. Efficient hospital management
B. Biological systems
C. Technological competency
D. The Science of Caring and Carative Factors
Answer: D
Rationale: Watson’s Theory of Human Caring focuses on the transpersonal caring
relationship and ten carative factors (later caritas processes).
7. Which theory focuses on the ‘Science of Unitary Human Beings’?
A. Margaret Newman
B. Patricia Benner
C. Virginia Henderson
D. Martha Rogers
Answer: D
Rationale: Martha Rogers proposed that humans and their environments are irreducible
energy fields in constant motion.
8. Which theorist is associated with the ‘Interpersonal Relations Theory’ in
nursing?
A. Dorothea Orem
B. Hildegard Peplau
C. Katharine Kolcaba
D. Afaf Meleis
Answer: B
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau is often called the ‘Mother of Psychiatric Nursing’ and focused
on the phases of the nurse-patient relationship.
