Histology for CSMLS with correct answers 100%

Histology for CSMLS with correct answers 100% 3 types of Carbohydrates demonstrated in tissues - Correct Answer Glycoproteins, polysaccharides, proteoglycans What stain is used for glycogen? - Correct Answer PAS - because glycogen has vicin diols Where is glycogen found in the body? - Correct Answer Liver, skeletel and cardiac muscle, hair follicles, vaginal and ectocervical epithelium, mesothelium cells, neutrophils and megakaryocytes. What accounts for the staining reaction of Glycoproteins? - Correct Answer sialic acid goups and vicin diols (PAS), also contains carboxyl acid group (Alcian Blue). Where are glycoproteins in the body? - Correct Answer Most are associated with epithelial tissues. They are classified as either neutral or acidic depending on whether they contain a Sulphate or Carboxylate residues. What do neutral glycoproteins lack? Where do you see them? - Correct Answer They lack bother Carboxylate (COOH) and Sulphate (SO3H). They are found in goblet cells in the stomach as well as paneth cell granules in the small bowel. Where are acidic glycoproteins that contain only COOH found in the body? - Correct Answer They can be found submaxillary gland, small intestine, fetal extracellular matrix, upper part of colonic crypts, sublingual gland. Where are acidic glycoproteins that contain both COOH and SO3H found in the body? - Correct Answer Mainly found in colonic goblet cells. What are Proteoglycans (Glycosaminoglycans)? - Correct Answer They are large, unbranched carbohydrates with small poly peptide chains. Where in the body can you find Proteoglycans? - Correct Answer Connective tissues such as cartilage, bone, tendons, ect. Referred to as acid or neutral mucins. What compound reacts with Cationic dyes in a Carbohydrate? - Correct Answer The acid containing sugar (COOH or SO3H) What are the routine stains for Carbohydrates ? - Correct Answer PAS, Alcian Blue Muricarmine, Colloidal iron, Metachromasia, Lectins 2 main steps in PAS method? - Correct Answer Oxidize carbohs with periodic acid to create aldehydes. Demonstrating the resulting aldehydes with Schiffs reagent. Potential false PAS positives ? - Correct Answer When glutaraldehyde is used as a fixative, and only some lipids found in frozen sections. What does Schiffs reagent do in PAS? - Correct Answer It is attracted to an reacts with aldehydes. Some Proteoglycans contain vicin diols but do not stain with PAS, why ? - Correct Answer Because the periodate ion is repelled by the COO and SO3, therefore oxidation does not occur and the aldehydes are not exposed. How do you distinguish staining between glycogen and neutral glycoproteins ? - Correct Answer By using enzymes such as diastase or amylase which digest glycogen. The remaining stain after treatment is therefor neutral glycoproteins. What kind of dye stains acidic substances ? - Correct Answer Cationic dyes.