TEST BANK for Human Learning
j j j j j
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
j j j j j j
, CHAPTERj1
PERSPECTIVESjONjLEARNING
MultiplejChoicejQuestions
Humanjbeingsjundoubtedlyjlearnjmorejduringjthejcoursejofjajlifetimejthanjan
yjotherjspeciesjonjearth.jThejmajorjresultjofjthisjcapacityjtojlearnjisjthat:
Newjinstinctsjbeginjtojemerge.
Humanjthoughtjbecomesjlessjlogicaljwithjeachjgeneration.j
Humansjcanjbenefitjfromjtheirjexperiences.
Humansjarejthejonlyjspeciesjwhosejbehaviorjcannotjbejanalyzedjinjte
rmsjofjstimulijandjresponses.
Threejofjthejfollowingjarejexamplesjofjlearning.jWhichjonejisjnot?
Abigailjcriesjwhenjshejstepsjonjajsharpjpebble.
Afterjmanyjhoursjofjheatedjdebate,jBrianjbeginsjtojadvocatejp
oliticaljpracticesjhejhasjpreviouslyjopposed.
Carajsuddenlyjrecognizesjhowjthejdivisionjfactj―24j’j4j=j6‖jisjrelatedjtoj
thejmultiplicationjfactj―6jxj4j=j24.‖
DavidjhasjbeenjrunningjawayjfromjGermanjshepherdsjeverjsincejhejw
asjbittenjbyjajGermanjshepherdjtwojyearsjago.
Reyneldajhasjtroublejtracingjajcomplexjshapejwithjajpenciljwhenjshejisjinjkin
dergarten,jbutjshejcanjdojitjquitejwelljbyjthejtimejshejisjinjsecondjgrade.jIsjthisjanj
instancejofjlearning?
Yes,jbecausejherjbehaviorjhasjchanged.
No,jbecausejthejcircumstancesjarejtoojdissimilar.
Maybe,jalthoughjthejchangejmayjsimplyjbejduejtojp
hysiologicaljmaturation.
Maybe,jbutjonlyjifjshejisjbeingjreinforcedjforjtracingjaccurately.
2
, Chapterj1j–jPerspectivesjonjLearning
Threejofjthejfollowingjillustratejvariousjwaysjthatjlearningjmightj bejreflectedji
njajperson‘sjbehavior.jWhichjonejofjthejfollowingjchangesjdoesjnotjnecessarilyjref
lectjlearning?
Althoughjit‘sjajschooljnight,jDeanjplaysjvideojgamesjuntiljwelljpastjhisjus
ualjbedtime.jAsjhejbecomesjmorejtired,jhejfindsjitjincreasinglyjdifficultjto
jconcentratejonjwhatjhe‘sjdoing.
Evenjasjajyoungjchild,jJerryjcouldjtelljyoujthatjhisjgrandparentsjim
migratedjtojthejUnitedjStatesjfromjIreland.jButjafterjajconversatio
njwithjhisjgrandmother,jhejcanjnowjdescribejthejcircumstancesjofjt
hejfamily‘sjimmigrationjinjconsiderablejdetail.
Dayjafterjday,jMartinjpracticesjhisjbasketballjskillsj (shooting,jdribbling,j
etc.)jonjajbasketballjcourtjatjajlocaljpark.jWithjeachjpracticejsession,jhisjm
ovementsjbecomejfasterjandjsmoother.
Lewisjoccasionallyjasksjforjhelpjwhenjhejhasjdifficultyjwithjhisjclasswor
k,jbutjmostjofjthejtimejhejjustjstrugglesjquietlyjonjhisjown.jAfterjhisjteac
herjassuresjhimjthatjaskingjforjhelpjisjnotjajsignjofjweaknessjorjinability,j
hejbeginsjaskingjforjhelpjmuchjmorejfrequently.
j researchjexaminesjlearningjinjtightlyjcontrolledjsettingsjand
j researchjexaminesjlearningjinjreal-worldjsettings.
Applied;jBasicjBasic
;jQualitativejQualitat
ive;jAppliedjBasic;jA
pplied
Ajprinciplejofjlearningjcanjbestjbejcharacterizedjas:
Ajdescriptionjofjthejresultsjofjajparticularjresearchjstudy
Ajstatementjthatjdescribesjhowjajparticularjfactorjaffectsjlearning
Thejmeasurementjofjhowjmuchjlearningjhasjoccurredjinjajpa
rticularjsituation
Anjexplanationjofjthejunderlyingjprocessesjthroughjwhichjlearningjoccurs
Ajtheoryjofjlearningjcanjbestjbejcharacterizedjas:
Ajdescriptionjofjthejresultsjofjajparticularjresearchjstudy
Ajstatementjthatjdescribesjhowjajparticularjfactorjaffectsjlearning
Thejmeasurementjofjhowjmuchjlearningjhasjoccurredjinjajpa
rticularjsituation
Anjexplanationjofjthejunderlyingjprocessesjthroughjwhichjlearningjoccurs
3
, Chapterj1j–jPerspectivesjonjLearning
Threejofjthejfollowingjarejprinciplesjofjlearning.jWhichjonejisjajtheory
ofjlearningjratherjthanjajprinciple?
Ajbehaviorjthatjisjfollowedjbyjpunishmentjdecreasesjinjfrequency.
Peoplejlearnjbyjmakingjmentaljassociationsjbetweenjnewjinformationja
ndjtheirjexistingjknowledge.
Ajresponsejthatjisjrewardedjeveryjtimejitjoccursjincreasesjmorejra
pidlyjthanjajresponsejthatjisjonlyjoccasionallyjrewarded.
Studentsjtendjtojrememberjmorejofjajlecturejifjtheyjtakejnotesjonjthejl
ecture‘sjcontent.
Whichjonejofjthejfollowingjcommonjsayingsjbestjreflectsjthejconceptjof
jintrospection?
―Wherejthere‘sjajwill,jthere‘sjajway.‖
―Nothingjventured,jnothingjgained.‖
―Ajpennyjforjyourjthoughts.‖
―Oldjhabitsjdiejhard.‖
Whichjonejofjthejfollowingjcommonjsayingsjbestjreflectsjthejbasicjpr
emisejunderlyingjsocialjlearningjtheory?
―Monkeyjsee,jmonkeyjdo.‖
―Sparejthejrodjandjspoiljthejchild.‖
―Ajfriendjinjneedjisjajfriendjindeed.‖
―Ajrollingjstonejgathersjnojmoss.‖
Whichjonejofjthejfollowingjstatementsjprovidesjthejmostjcrediblejexplanat
ionjforjthejfactjthatjhumanjbeingsjseemjtojsurpassjalljotherjanimaljspeciesjinjt
heirjthinkingjandjlearningjcapacities?
Onlyjhumanjbeingsjhavejthejcapabilityjtojmakejtools.
Humansjcommunicatejregularlyjwithjonejanotherjand,jinjdoingjso,jp
assjalongjwhatjthey‘vejlearnedjtojfuturejgenerations.
Humanjbeingsjhavejajhugejrepertoirejofjinstinctualjbehaviorsjfromjw
hichjtheyjcanjdrawjwhenjtheyjencounterjnewjexperiences.
Humanjbrainsjarejsmallerjthanjthosejofjotherjintelligentjspeciesj(e.g.,jele
phants,jdolphins)jandjthereforejcanjtransmitjmessagesjmorejquicklyjandj
efficiently.
4
j j j j j
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
j j j j j j
, CHAPTERj1
PERSPECTIVESjONjLEARNING
MultiplejChoicejQuestions
Humanjbeingsjundoubtedlyjlearnjmorejduringjthejcoursejofjajlifetimejthanjan
yjotherjspeciesjonjearth.jThejmajorjresultjofjthisjcapacityjtojlearnjisjthat:
Newjinstinctsjbeginjtojemerge.
Humanjthoughtjbecomesjlessjlogicaljwithjeachjgeneration.j
Humansjcanjbenefitjfromjtheirjexperiences.
Humansjarejthejonlyjspeciesjwhosejbehaviorjcannotjbejanalyzedjinjte
rmsjofjstimulijandjresponses.
Threejofjthejfollowingjarejexamplesjofjlearning.jWhichjonejisjnot?
Abigailjcriesjwhenjshejstepsjonjajsharpjpebble.
Afterjmanyjhoursjofjheatedjdebate,jBrianjbeginsjtojadvocatejp
oliticaljpracticesjhejhasjpreviouslyjopposed.
Carajsuddenlyjrecognizesjhowjthejdivisionjfactj―24j’j4j=j6‖jisjrelatedjtoj
thejmultiplicationjfactj―6jxj4j=j24.‖
DavidjhasjbeenjrunningjawayjfromjGermanjshepherdsjeverjsincejhejw
asjbittenjbyjajGermanjshepherdjtwojyearsjago.
Reyneldajhasjtroublejtracingjajcomplexjshapejwithjajpenciljwhenjshejisjinjkin
dergarten,jbutjshejcanjdojitjquitejwelljbyjthejtimejshejisjinjsecondjgrade.jIsjthisjanj
instancejofjlearning?
Yes,jbecausejherjbehaviorjhasjchanged.
No,jbecausejthejcircumstancesjarejtoojdissimilar.
Maybe,jalthoughjthejchangejmayjsimplyjbejduejtojp
hysiologicaljmaturation.
Maybe,jbutjonlyjifjshejisjbeingjreinforcedjforjtracingjaccurately.
2
, Chapterj1j–jPerspectivesjonjLearning
Threejofjthejfollowingjillustratejvariousjwaysjthatjlearningjmightj bejreflectedji
njajperson‘sjbehavior.jWhichjonejofjthejfollowingjchangesjdoesjnotjnecessarilyjref
lectjlearning?
Althoughjit‘sjajschooljnight,jDeanjplaysjvideojgamesjuntiljwelljpastjhisjus
ualjbedtime.jAsjhejbecomesjmorejtired,jhejfindsjitjincreasinglyjdifficultjto
jconcentratejonjwhatjhe‘sjdoing.
Evenjasjajyoungjchild,jJerryjcouldjtelljyoujthatjhisjgrandparentsjim
migratedjtojthejUnitedjStatesjfromjIreland.jButjafterjajconversatio
njwithjhisjgrandmother,jhejcanjnowjdescribejthejcircumstancesjofjt
hejfamily‘sjimmigrationjinjconsiderablejdetail.
Dayjafterjday,jMartinjpracticesjhisjbasketballjskillsj (shooting,jdribbling,j
etc.)jonjajbasketballjcourtjatjajlocaljpark.jWithjeachjpracticejsession,jhisjm
ovementsjbecomejfasterjandjsmoother.
Lewisjoccasionallyjasksjforjhelpjwhenjhejhasjdifficultyjwithjhisjclasswor
k,jbutjmostjofjthejtimejhejjustjstrugglesjquietlyjonjhisjown.jAfterjhisjteac
herjassuresjhimjthatjaskingjforjhelpjisjnotjajsignjofjweaknessjorjinability,j
hejbeginsjaskingjforjhelpjmuchjmorejfrequently.
j researchjexaminesjlearningjinjtightlyjcontrolledjsettingsjand
j researchjexaminesjlearningjinjreal-worldjsettings.
Applied;jBasicjBasic
;jQualitativejQualitat
ive;jAppliedjBasic;jA
pplied
Ajprinciplejofjlearningjcanjbestjbejcharacterizedjas:
Ajdescriptionjofjthejresultsjofjajparticularjresearchjstudy
Ajstatementjthatjdescribesjhowjajparticularjfactorjaffectsjlearning
Thejmeasurementjofjhowjmuchjlearningjhasjoccurredjinjajpa
rticularjsituation
Anjexplanationjofjthejunderlyingjprocessesjthroughjwhichjlearningjoccurs
Ajtheoryjofjlearningjcanjbestjbejcharacterizedjas:
Ajdescriptionjofjthejresultsjofjajparticularjresearchjstudy
Ajstatementjthatjdescribesjhowjajparticularjfactorjaffectsjlearning
Thejmeasurementjofjhowjmuchjlearningjhasjoccurredjinjajpa
rticularjsituation
Anjexplanationjofjthejunderlyingjprocessesjthroughjwhichjlearningjoccurs
3
, Chapterj1j–jPerspectivesjonjLearning
Threejofjthejfollowingjarejprinciplesjofjlearning.jWhichjonejisjajtheory
ofjlearningjratherjthanjajprinciple?
Ajbehaviorjthatjisjfollowedjbyjpunishmentjdecreasesjinjfrequency.
Peoplejlearnjbyjmakingjmentaljassociationsjbetweenjnewjinformationja
ndjtheirjexistingjknowledge.
Ajresponsejthatjisjrewardedjeveryjtimejitjoccursjincreasesjmorejra
pidlyjthanjajresponsejthatjisjonlyjoccasionallyjrewarded.
Studentsjtendjtojrememberjmorejofjajlecturejifjtheyjtakejnotesjonjthejl
ecture‘sjcontent.
Whichjonejofjthejfollowingjcommonjsayingsjbestjreflectsjthejconceptjof
jintrospection?
―Wherejthere‘sjajwill,jthere‘sjajway.‖
―Nothingjventured,jnothingjgained.‖
―Ajpennyjforjyourjthoughts.‖
―Oldjhabitsjdiejhard.‖
Whichjonejofjthejfollowingjcommonjsayingsjbestjreflectsjthejbasicjpr
emisejunderlyingjsocialjlearningjtheory?
―Monkeyjsee,jmonkeyjdo.‖
―Sparejthejrodjandjspoiljthejchild.‖
―Ajfriendjinjneedjisjajfriendjindeed.‖
―Ajrollingjstonejgathersjnojmoss.‖
Whichjonejofjthejfollowingjstatementsjprovidesjthejmostjcrediblejexplanat
ionjforjthejfactjthatjhumanjbeingsjseemjtojsurpassjalljotherjanimaljspeciesjinjt
heirjthinkingjandjlearningjcapacities?
Onlyjhumanjbeingsjhavejthejcapabilityjtojmakejtools.
Humansjcommunicatejregularlyjwithjonejanotherjand,jinjdoingjso,jp
assjalongjwhatjthey‘vejlearnedjtojfuturejgenerations.
Humanjbeingsjhavejajhugejrepertoirejofjinstinctualjbehaviorsjfromjw
hichjtheyjcanjdrawjwhenjtheyjencounterjnewjexperiences.
Humanjbrainsjarejsmallerjthanjthosejofjotherjintelligentjspeciesj(e.g.,jele
phants,jdolphins)jandjthereforejcanjtransmitjmessagesjmorejquicklyjandj
efficiently.
4
