FINAL EXAM: NURS 5432 FNP 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+ LATEST
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, ARLINGTON
Question 1
A 45-year-old male presents with persistent fatigue, increased thirst, and frequent
urination for the past two months. His BMI is 32 kg/m². Fasting plasma glucose is
138 mg/dL on two separate occasions. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
A. Prediabetes
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
D. Diabetes insipidus
Correct Answer: C. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Rationale:
A fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL on two separate occasions confirms diabetes
mellitus. Given the patient's age, obesity, and gradual symptom onset, type 2
diabetes mellitus is the most likely diagnosis.
Question 2
A 28-year-old woman presents with dysuria and urinary frequency for three days.
Urinalysis shows leukocyte esterase positive and nitrites positive. Which organism
is the most common cause of this condition?
A. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
B. Escherichia coli
C. Klebsiella pneumoniae
D. Enterococcus faecalis
Correct Answer: B. Escherichia coli
,Rationale:
Escherichia coli accounts for approximately 75–90% of uncomplicated urinary
tract infections in women due to its ability to adhere to uroepithelial cells.
Question 3
A 60-year-old patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. Which laboratory
value should be monitored closely after initiating this medication?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Serum potassium
C. Platelet count
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: B. Serum potassium
Rationale:
ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia due to decreased aldosterone secretion.
Monitoring serum potassium and renal function is essential after initiating therapy.
Question 4
A 35-year-old female presents with a sore throat, fever, and tender anterior cervical
lymph nodes. Rapid antigen detection test for streptococcal infection is positive.
What is the first-line treatment?
A. Azithromycin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. Doxycycline
Correct Answer: B. Amoxicillin
Rationale:
Amoxicillin or penicillin remains the first-line treatment for group A streptococcal
pharyngitis due to effectiveness, safety, and narrow antimicrobial spectrum.
,Question 5
A 70-year-old male presents with sudden onset unilateral weakness and slurred
speech lasting 15 minutes that resolved spontaneously. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Hemorrhagic stroke
B. Transient ischemic attack
C. Migraine with aura
D. Seizure disorder
Correct Answer: B. Transient ischemic attack
Rationale:
A transient ischemic attack involves temporary neurologic dysfunction caused by
ischemia without permanent infarction, typically resolving within minutes to hours.
Question 6
A patient with asthma reports using their albuterol inhaler multiple times daily for
symptom relief. Which medication should be added to improve long-term control?
A. Montelukast
B. Inhaled corticosteroid
C. Oral prednisone daily
D. Long-acting anticholinergic
Correct Answer: B. Inhaled corticosteroid
Rationale:
Frequent use of a short-acting beta agonist indicates poor asthma control. Inhaled
corticosteroids are first-line controller medications to reduce airway inflammation.
, Question 7
A 52-year-old woman presents with fatigue and cold intolerance. Laboratory
findings show elevated TSH and decreased free T4. What is the diagnosis?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Subclinical hyperthyroidism
C. Primary hypothyroidism
D. Secondary hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: C. Primary hypothyroidism
Rationale:
Elevated TSH with low T4 indicates thyroid gland failure, consistent with primary
hypothyroidism.
Question 8
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) asks about
vaccination. Which vaccine is recommended to reduce respiratory complications?
A. HPV vaccine
B. Pneumococcal vaccine
C. Varicella vaccine
D. Hepatitis A vaccine
Correct Answer: B. Pneumococcal vaccine
Rationale:
Patients with chronic lung disease are at increased risk for pneumococcal
infections and should receive pneumococcal vaccination to reduce complications.
Question 9
A 24-year-old woman presents with lower abdominal pain and cervical motion
tenderness. Which diagnosis should be considered first?
A. Appendicitis
B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+ LATEST
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, ARLINGTON
Question 1
A 45-year-old male presents with persistent fatigue, increased thirst, and frequent
urination for the past two months. His BMI is 32 kg/m². Fasting plasma glucose is
138 mg/dL on two separate occasions. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
A. Prediabetes
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
C. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
D. Diabetes insipidus
Correct Answer: C. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Rationale:
A fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL on two separate occasions confirms diabetes
mellitus. Given the patient's age, obesity, and gradual symptom onset, type 2
diabetes mellitus is the most likely diagnosis.
Question 2
A 28-year-old woman presents with dysuria and urinary frequency for three days.
Urinalysis shows leukocyte esterase positive and nitrites positive. Which organism
is the most common cause of this condition?
A. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
B. Escherichia coli
C. Klebsiella pneumoniae
D. Enterococcus faecalis
Correct Answer: B. Escherichia coli
,Rationale:
Escherichia coli accounts for approximately 75–90% of uncomplicated urinary
tract infections in women due to its ability to adhere to uroepithelial cells.
Question 3
A 60-year-old patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. Which laboratory
value should be monitored closely after initiating this medication?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Serum potassium
C. Platelet count
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: B. Serum potassium
Rationale:
ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia due to decreased aldosterone secretion.
Monitoring serum potassium and renal function is essential after initiating therapy.
Question 4
A 35-year-old female presents with a sore throat, fever, and tender anterior cervical
lymph nodes. Rapid antigen detection test for streptococcal infection is positive.
What is the first-line treatment?
A. Azithromycin
B. Amoxicillin
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. Doxycycline
Correct Answer: B. Amoxicillin
Rationale:
Amoxicillin or penicillin remains the first-line treatment for group A streptococcal
pharyngitis due to effectiveness, safety, and narrow antimicrobial spectrum.
,Question 5
A 70-year-old male presents with sudden onset unilateral weakness and slurred
speech lasting 15 minutes that resolved spontaneously. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Hemorrhagic stroke
B. Transient ischemic attack
C. Migraine with aura
D. Seizure disorder
Correct Answer: B. Transient ischemic attack
Rationale:
A transient ischemic attack involves temporary neurologic dysfunction caused by
ischemia without permanent infarction, typically resolving within minutes to hours.
Question 6
A patient with asthma reports using their albuterol inhaler multiple times daily for
symptom relief. Which medication should be added to improve long-term control?
A. Montelukast
B. Inhaled corticosteroid
C. Oral prednisone daily
D. Long-acting anticholinergic
Correct Answer: B. Inhaled corticosteroid
Rationale:
Frequent use of a short-acting beta agonist indicates poor asthma control. Inhaled
corticosteroids are first-line controller medications to reduce airway inflammation.
, Question 7
A 52-year-old woman presents with fatigue and cold intolerance. Laboratory
findings show elevated TSH and decreased free T4. What is the diagnosis?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Subclinical hyperthyroidism
C. Primary hypothyroidism
D. Secondary hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: C. Primary hypothyroidism
Rationale:
Elevated TSH with low T4 indicates thyroid gland failure, consistent with primary
hypothyroidism.
Question 8
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) asks about
vaccination. Which vaccine is recommended to reduce respiratory complications?
A. HPV vaccine
B. Pneumococcal vaccine
C. Varicella vaccine
D. Hepatitis A vaccine
Correct Answer: B. Pneumococcal vaccine
Rationale:
Patients with chronic lung disease are at increased risk for pneumococcal
infections and should receive pneumococcal vaccination to reduce complications.
Question 9
A 24-year-old woman presents with lower abdominal pain and cervical motion
tenderness. Which diagnosis should be considered first?
A. Appendicitis
B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
