OPENSTAX ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2E
UNIT 1 EXAM SCRIPT 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Physiology. Answer: Study of the FUNCTION of body parts.
◉ examples of Anatomy. Answer: the skull and vertebral column are
part of the axial skeleton; the cerebral cortex consists of four lobes; the
stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are chambers of the
digestive tract
◉ examples of Physiology. Answer: skeletal muscles pull on bones,
creating forces that produce body motion; receptors of the eye and ear
detect environmental changes for the respective senses of vision and
hearing; antidiuretic hormone, secreted from the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland, stimulates water reabsorption in the kidney
◉ What is the relationship between Anatomy and Physiology?
(UNDERLYING principle). Answer: STRUCTURE determines
FUNCTION; the way a body part is put together (how tissues are
arranged, what connects to what, how it connects, etc.) allows that part
to do a certain job (to be able to act in a specific manner)
, ◉ anatomical position. Answer: body standing erect, face forward, arms
at sides, palms up, toes forward
◉ superior. Answer: a certain body part is located above another or
near/directed toward the head
◉ inferior. Answer: a certain body part is located below another part, or
near/directed toward the head
◉ anterior. Answer: a certain body part is located toward the front of the
body
◉ posterior. Answer: a certain part of the body is located toward the
back
◉ dorsal. Answer: body part is in the back of the body (interchangeable
with posterior)
◉ ventral. Answer: certain body part is in front of the body
(interchangeable with anterior)
◉ medial. Answer: specific body part is closer than another part to an
imaginary midline of the body
UNIT 1 EXAM SCRIPT 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ Physiology. Answer: Study of the FUNCTION of body parts.
◉ examples of Anatomy. Answer: the skull and vertebral column are
part of the axial skeleton; the cerebral cortex consists of four lobes; the
stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are chambers of the
digestive tract
◉ examples of Physiology. Answer: skeletal muscles pull on bones,
creating forces that produce body motion; receptors of the eye and ear
detect environmental changes for the respective senses of vision and
hearing; antidiuretic hormone, secreted from the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland, stimulates water reabsorption in the kidney
◉ What is the relationship between Anatomy and Physiology?
(UNDERLYING principle). Answer: STRUCTURE determines
FUNCTION; the way a body part is put together (how tissues are
arranged, what connects to what, how it connects, etc.) allows that part
to do a certain job (to be able to act in a specific manner)
, ◉ anatomical position. Answer: body standing erect, face forward, arms
at sides, palms up, toes forward
◉ superior. Answer: a certain body part is located above another or
near/directed toward the head
◉ inferior. Answer: a certain body part is located below another part, or
near/directed toward the head
◉ anterior. Answer: a certain body part is located toward the front of the
body
◉ posterior. Answer: a certain part of the body is located toward the
back
◉ dorsal. Answer: body part is in the back of the body (interchangeable
with posterior)
◉ ventral. Answer: certain body part is in front of the body
(interchangeable with anterior)
◉ medial. Answer: specific body part is closer than another part to an
imaginary midline of the body
