A&P II Lecture (BIOL 2302) Exam 1 Review Questions With Correct Answers

A&P II Lecture (BIOL 2302) Exam 1 Review
Questions With Correct Answers

Endocrinology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Study |of |hormones |and |endocrine |organs



Exocrine |Glands |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Produce |non-hormonal |substances |such |as |sweat |&
|saliva



-Have |ducts |to |carry |secretion |to |membrane |surface



Endocrine |Glands |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Produce |hormones

-Lack |ducts



Hormones |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-long-distance |chemical |signals |that |travel |in |blood |or
|lymph




Autocrines |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-chemicals |that |exert |effects |on |same |cells |that |secrete
|them




Paracrines |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-locally |acting |chemicals |that |affect |cells |other |than |those
|that |secrete |them




Classes |of |Hormones |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Amino |acid-based |hormones |

-Steroids



Target |Cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Tissues |with |receptors |for |specific |hormone

-Activity |altered |by |hormones

,Factors |of |Target |Cell |Activation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Blood |levels |of |hormone

-Relative |number |of |receptors |on |or |in |target |cell

-Affinity |of |binding |between |receptor |and |hormone



Up-Regulation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-target |cells |form |more |receptors |in |response |to |low
|hormone |levels




Down-Regulation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-target |cells |lose |receptors |in |response |to |high
|hormone |levels




Humoral |Stimuli |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Changing |blood |levels |of |ions |and |nutrients |directly
|stimulate |secretion |of |hormones |



-ex: |Ca2+ |in |blood



Neural |Stimuli |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Nerve |fibers |stimulate |hormone |release



Hormonal |Stimuli |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hormones |stimulate |other |endocrine |organs |to
|release |their |hormones




Nervous |System |Modulation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Nervous |system |modifies |stimulation |of
|endocrine |glands |and |their |negative |feedback |mechanisms |



-Nervous |system |can |override |normal |endocrine |controls



Half-Life |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-time |required |for |hormone's |blood |level |to |decrease |by |half



How |are |hormones |removed |from |the |blood? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Degrading |enzymes

, -Kidneys

-Liver



Permissiveness |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-one |hormone |cannot |exert |its |effects |without |another
|hormone |being |present




Synergism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-more |than |one |hormone |produces |same |effects |on |target
|cell




Antagonism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-one |or |more |hormones |oppose(s) |action |of |another
|hormone




Pituitary |Gland |Lobes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Posterior |Pituitary |Lobe: |Neural |tissue

-Anterior |Pituitary |Lobe: |Glandular |tissue



Posterior |Pituitary |Lobe |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Downgrowth |of |hypothalamic |neural |tissue

-Neural |connection |to |hypothalamus |

-Nuclei |of |hypothalamus |synthesize |neurohormones |oxytocin |and |antidiuretic |hormone |(ADH)

-Neurohormones |are |transported |to |and |stored |in |posterior |pituitary



Anterior |Pituitary |Lobe |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Originates |as |outpocketing |of |oral |mucosa

-Vascular |connection |to |hypothalamus



Oxytocin |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--stimulus: |impulses |from |hypothalamic |neurons |in |response
|to |cervical/uterine |stretch |or |sucking |of |an |infant



-target: |uterus |and |mammary |glands

-effects: |stimulates |uterine |contractions |during |birth |and |milk |ejection |in |lactating |mothers