Test Bank for Essentials of Psychology, 7th Edition by Jeffrey S. Nevid
Chap 01 7e - Nevid
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. The founder of behaviorism was
a. Pavlov
b. Skinner
c. James
d. Watson
ANSWER: d
2. What does correlation tell us?
a. The order in which variables occur
b. Which variables influence other variables
c. What causes change in a variable
d. The relationship and strength of relationship between two or more variables
ANSWER: d
3. Suppose the guards at a prison began to mistreat and abuse the inmates. When new guards join the prison, they
soon begin mistreating the prisoners as well, even though they have never done so before. Which type of
psychologist would be MOST interested in studying why this occurs?
a. Counseling psychologist
b. Developmental psychologist
c. Social psychologist
d. Physiological psychologist
ANSWER: c
4. Which of the following is an accurate statement about animal research?
a. Animal research has no rules to follow.
b. Animals must not be harmed unless there is no other way.
c. Animals have none of the rights that human participants do.
d. Animal research is permissible with minimal supervision.
ANSWER: b
5. Who is generally recognized as the founder of American psychology?
a. Hall
b. James
c. Wundt
d. Freud
ANSWER: a
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 7e - Nevid
6. You want to answer the question, "Do opposites really attract?" In order to determine a single factor that causes
attraction, which of these research designs would be MOST appropriate?
a. Correlation
b. Experiment
c. Case study
d. Naturalistic observation
ANSWER: b
7. Which of the following is the MOST complete definition of psychology?
a. The science of observable behavior and thoughts.
b. The science of behavior.
c. The science of mental processes.
d. The science of behavior and mental processes.
ANSWER: d
8. You see a journal article entitled, “Injection of Happystuff Causes a Reduction in Symptoms of Depression in
Adult Males.” This tells you that the independent variable
a. is the injection of Happystuff.
b. is the reduction in symptoms of depression.
c. is the population of adult males.
d. is the construct of depression.
ANSWER: a
9. In science, how is a theory described?
a. A specific prediction about the result of an experiment.
b. A way of developing knowledge based on evaluating evidence.
c. A general attempt to explain the relationship between events or findings.
d. A method of inquiry using careful observation.
ANSWER: c
10. Which relationship between variables is described by a negative correlation?
a. As outside air temperature decreases, ice cream consumption goes down.
b. When a bank's interest rates go down, the amount of money borrowed goes up.
c. When the number of people in a crowd increases, the severity of crowd violence increases.
d. There is no relationship between children's grades and hours of video games played per week.
ANSWER: b
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,Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 7e - Nevid
11. Sigmund Freud was a leading figure in which perspective of psychology?
a. Cognitive
b. Behaviorism
c. Functionalism
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: d
12. An ethical guideline intended to protect a research participant’s privacy involves
a. obtaining informed consent.
b. maintaining confidentiality.
c. only using animals if necessary.
d. obtaining prior approval by an ethics review panel.
ANSWER: b
13. The ethical guideline requiring that information about a research study be disclosed to potential research
participants before they participate is referred to as
a. prior approval.
b. prior consent.
c. informed consent.
d. ethical approval.
ANSWER: c
14. Imagine that you see textbook authors on television talking about popular psychology. What point are you
MOST likely to hear them make?
a. All information from popular psychology and/or self-help is useless.
b. Beware of exaggerated claims without supporting evidence.
c. Psychology and medicine often marginalize those with ideas that differ from conventional wisdom.
d. Self-help therapies are rigorously tested before people can write books about them.
ANSWER: b
15. A psychology researcher who wishes to explore a cause–effect relationship will be BEST able to do so using
a. the experimental method.
b. a correlational study.
c. a descriptive method.
d. a case study technique.
ANSWER: a
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, Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 7e - Nevid
16. Ethics review committees are typically composed of
a. laypersons only.
b. professionals only.
c. samples of research participants from the population under study.
d. both professionals and laypersons.
ANSWER: d
17. Which sampling procedure is MOST likely to produce a random sample?
a. A researcher stands outside a football stadium entrance before a game asking people to fill out a survey
in order to obtain the opinions of city residents about the building of a new stadium.
b. A researcher goes to a dealership to obtain a list of the people who purchased luxury automobiles in order
to gather information about the driving habits of American drivers.
c. A researcher draws 60 names from a hat that contains the names of all 300 construction workers on a
job site in order to survey them about the job site's safety practices.
d. A researcher surveys first-year psychology students in order to gather information about the school's
first-year students' feelings of homesickness.
ANSWER: c
18. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of correlational research?
a. It can establish cause-and-effect relationships.
b. It can identify high-risk groups.
c. It can allow prediction of one variable on the basis of the other.
d. It can help increase understanding of relationships between variables.
ANSWER: a
19. The steps describing the methods used in conducting a research study are known as
a. the empirical approach
b. an operational definition.
c. a treatment manual.
d. an operational framework.
ANSWER: a
20. Suppose Joan discovers that an event she shared in confidence during a session with her therapist has been
shared with others. Which is likely to occur?
a. Joan’s experience in therapy will be better because she is forced to deal directly with her issues.
b. Joan’s experience in therapy will be worse because her therapist has violated their confidentiality
agreement.
c. Joan will file a complaint, but will be informed that psychologists cannot be reprimanded for violating
confidentiality.
d. This new information is unlikely to affect Joan’s future experiences in therapy.
ANSWER: b
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Chap 01 7e - Nevid
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. The founder of behaviorism was
a. Pavlov
b. Skinner
c. James
d. Watson
ANSWER: d
2. What does correlation tell us?
a. The order in which variables occur
b. Which variables influence other variables
c. What causes change in a variable
d. The relationship and strength of relationship between two or more variables
ANSWER: d
3. Suppose the guards at a prison began to mistreat and abuse the inmates. When new guards join the prison, they
soon begin mistreating the prisoners as well, even though they have never done so before. Which type of
psychologist would be MOST interested in studying why this occurs?
a. Counseling psychologist
b. Developmental psychologist
c. Social psychologist
d. Physiological psychologist
ANSWER: c
4. Which of the following is an accurate statement about animal research?
a. Animal research has no rules to follow.
b. Animals must not be harmed unless there is no other way.
c. Animals have none of the rights that human participants do.
d. Animal research is permissible with minimal supervision.
ANSWER: b
5. Who is generally recognized as the founder of American psychology?
a. Hall
b. James
c. Wundt
d. Freud
ANSWER: a
Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 7e - Nevid
6. You want to answer the question, "Do opposites really attract?" In order to determine a single factor that causes
attraction, which of these research designs would be MOST appropriate?
a. Correlation
b. Experiment
c. Case study
d. Naturalistic observation
ANSWER: b
7. Which of the following is the MOST complete definition of psychology?
a. The science of observable behavior and thoughts.
b. The science of behavior.
c. The science of mental processes.
d. The science of behavior and mental processes.
ANSWER: d
8. You see a journal article entitled, “Injection of Happystuff Causes a Reduction in Symptoms of Depression in
Adult Males.” This tells you that the independent variable
a. is the injection of Happystuff.
b. is the reduction in symptoms of depression.
c. is the population of adult males.
d. is the construct of depression.
ANSWER: a
9. In science, how is a theory described?
a. A specific prediction about the result of an experiment.
b. A way of developing knowledge based on evaluating evidence.
c. A general attempt to explain the relationship between events or findings.
d. A method of inquiry using careful observation.
ANSWER: c
10. Which relationship between variables is described by a negative correlation?
a. As outside air temperature decreases, ice cream consumption goes down.
b. When a bank's interest rates go down, the amount of money borrowed goes up.
c. When the number of people in a crowd increases, the severity of crowd violence increases.
d. There is no relationship between children's grades and hours of video games played per week.
ANSWER: b
Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 7e - Nevid
11. Sigmund Freud was a leading figure in which perspective of psychology?
a. Cognitive
b. Behaviorism
c. Functionalism
d. Psychoanalysis
ANSWER: d
12. An ethical guideline intended to protect a research participant’s privacy involves
a. obtaining informed consent.
b. maintaining confidentiality.
c. only using animals if necessary.
d. obtaining prior approval by an ethics review panel.
ANSWER: b
13. The ethical guideline requiring that information about a research study be disclosed to potential research
participants before they participate is referred to as
a. prior approval.
b. prior consent.
c. informed consent.
d. ethical approval.
ANSWER: c
14. Imagine that you see textbook authors on television talking about popular psychology. What point are you
MOST likely to hear them make?
a. All information from popular psychology and/or self-help is useless.
b. Beware of exaggerated claims without supporting evidence.
c. Psychology and medicine often marginalize those with ideas that differ from conventional wisdom.
d. Self-help therapies are rigorously tested before people can write books about them.
ANSWER: b
15. A psychology researcher who wishes to explore a cause–effect relationship will be BEST able to do so using
a. the experimental method.
b. a correlational study.
c. a descriptive method.
d. a case study technique.
ANSWER: a
Page 3
, Name: Class: Date:
Chap 01 7e - Nevid
16. Ethics review committees are typically composed of
a. laypersons only.
b. professionals only.
c. samples of research participants from the population under study.
d. both professionals and laypersons.
ANSWER: d
17. Which sampling procedure is MOST likely to produce a random sample?
a. A researcher stands outside a football stadium entrance before a game asking people to fill out a survey
in order to obtain the opinions of city residents about the building of a new stadium.
b. A researcher goes to a dealership to obtain a list of the people who purchased luxury automobiles in order
to gather information about the driving habits of American drivers.
c. A researcher draws 60 names from a hat that contains the names of all 300 construction workers on a
job site in order to survey them about the job site's safety practices.
d. A researcher surveys first-year psychology students in order to gather information about the school's
first-year students' feelings of homesickness.
ANSWER: c
18. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of correlational research?
a. It can establish cause-and-effect relationships.
b. It can identify high-risk groups.
c. It can allow prediction of one variable on the basis of the other.
d. It can help increase understanding of relationships between variables.
ANSWER: a
19. The steps describing the methods used in conducting a research study are known as
a. the empirical approach
b. an operational definition.
c. a treatment manual.
d. an operational framework.
ANSWER: a
20. Suppose Joan discovers that an event she shared in confidence during a session with her therapist has been
shared with others. Which is likely to occur?
a. Joan’s experience in therapy will be better because she is forced to deal directly with her issues.
b. Joan’s experience in therapy will be worse because her therapist has violated their confidentiality
agreement.
c. Joan will file a complaint, but will be informed that psychologists cannot be reprimanded for violating
confidentiality.
d. This new information is unlikely to affect Joan’s future experiences in therapy.
ANSWER: b
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