Respiratory Acidosis
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Carbonic Acid Excess
pH below 7.35 and PaCO2 above 45
Results from carbon dioxide retention caused by alveolar hypoventilation -
can be acute or chronic.
Hypoventilation - airway obstruction, CNS depression from
drugs/injury/disease, chest wall injury, obstructive lung disease, restrictive
lung disease, oxygen induced hypoventilation with chronic hypercapnia,
neuromuscular abnormalities, atelectasis, pneumonia, respiratory arrest
Compensation - kidneys conserve HCO3 and secrete H into urine
Acid-Base Balance
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, Maintained to sustain proper body function and life - basic cellular
function, enzyme activity, electrolyte balance, and muscle contraction
Buffer System
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Act chemically to change strong acids to weak acids or bind acids.
Minimizes the effect of acids on blood pH until their excretion from body.
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate, phosphate, protein, and hemoglobin buffers
Also shifting of H in and out of cell.
Fastest acting system and the primary regulator of acid-base balance.
ROME
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Respiratory
Opposite - Alkalosis (pH up, PaCO2 down) Acidosis (pH down, PaCO2 up)
Metabolic
Equal - Acidosis (pH down, HCO3 down) Alkalosis (pH up, HCO3 up)
pH
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Potential of Hydrogen is calculated based on the percentage of hydrogen
ions in solution. pH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion
concentration. 1-14. 7 is neutral (pure water).
, Blood Normal = 7.35-7.45 (below= acidic, above=alkalotic)
Below 6.8 & above 8 = dead
pH - 7.52
PaCO2 - 29
HCO3 - 23
pO2 - 100
O2 sat - 98%
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pH - 7.52 - high alkalotic
PaCO2 - 29 - low alkalotic
HCO3 - 23 - normal
pO2 - 100 - normal
O2 sat - 98% - normal
Respiratory Alkalosis (hyperventilation)
Carbonic Acid & Bicarbonate Ratio
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1:20
1 part H2CO3 (carbonic acid) to 20 parts HCO3 (Bicarb)
Metabolic Alkalosis Manifestations
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Like hypocalcemia
Muscle spasms, numbness & tingling
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Carbonic Acid Excess
pH below 7.35 and PaCO2 above 45
Results from carbon dioxide retention caused by alveolar hypoventilation -
can be acute or chronic.
Hypoventilation - airway obstruction, CNS depression from
drugs/injury/disease, chest wall injury, obstructive lung disease, restrictive
lung disease, oxygen induced hypoventilation with chronic hypercapnia,
neuromuscular abnormalities, atelectasis, pneumonia, respiratory arrest
Compensation - kidneys conserve HCO3 and secrete H into urine
Acid-Base Balance
Give this one a try later!
, Maintained to sustain proper body function and life - basic cellular
function, enzyme activity, electrolyte balance, and muscle contraction
Buffer System
Give this one a try later!
Act chemically to change strong acids to weak acids or bind acids.
Minimizes the effect of acids on blood pH until their excretion from body.
Carbonic acid-bicarbonate, phosphate, protein, and hemoglobin buffers
Also shifting of H in and out of cell.
Fastest acting system and the primary regulator of acid-base balance.
ROME
Give this one a try later!
Respiratory
Opposite - Alkalosis (pH up, PaCO2 down) Acidosis (pH down, PaCO2 up)
Metabolic
Equal - Acidosis (pH down, HCO3 down) Alkalosis (pH up, HCO3 up)
pH
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Potential of Hydrogen is calculated based on the percentage of hydrogen
ions in solution. pH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion
concentration. 1-14. 7 is neutral (pure water).
, Blood Normal = 7.35-7.45 (below= acidic, above=alkalotic)
Below 6.8 & above 8 = dead
pH - 7.52
PaCO2 - 29
HCO3 - 23
pO2 - 100
O2 sat - 98%
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pH - 7.52 - high alkalotic
PaCO2 - 29 - low alkalotic
HCO3 - 23 - normal
pO2 - 100 - normal
O2 sat - 98% - normal
Respiratory Alkalosis (hyperventilation)
Carbonic Acid & Bicarbonate Ratio
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1:20
1 part H2CO3 (carbonic acid) to 20 parts HCO3 (Bicarb)
Metabolic Alkalosis Manifestations
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Like hypocalcemia
Muscle spasms, numbness & tingling
