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Pharmacology Midterm #1 Questions with 100%
Verified Answers UPDATED!!!
Pharmacology - ANSWER The study of drugs and their actions
and effects in body systems
General Principles of Pharmacology - ANSWER "To administer a
drug safely, one must know its usual dose frequency, route of
administration, indications, contradictions, significant adverse
reactions, and major drug interactions."
Drug Formulations: Drugs "packaged" depending on... -
ANSWER - route of administration
- maximize drug absorption
- physiochemical properties of drug
- minimize adverse effects
Pills - ANSWER Solid oral drugs. Powdered drug mixed with
liquid and rolled into round or oval shape
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Tablets - ANSWER Solid oral drugs. Powdered form of drug and
bulk-filling material compressed under high pressure; various
types include:
chewable, sublingual, buccal, enteric-coated, buffered and
sustained release
Sustained Release - ANSWER A drug coated in a protective coat,
doesn't break down early in the stomach. Less internal damage,
sustained relief.
Capsules - ANSWER Solid drugs. External shell usually made of
gelatin contains drug in powder, granule, liquid, or combination
form.
Enteric-coating - ANSWER Solid drugs. Prevents capsule or
tablet from being dissolved in stomach where it may cause
irritation; absorption occurs in intestines. Ensures drug wont
break down in the stomach #sustainedrelease
Caplets - ANSWER Solid drugs. Shaped like capsules with form
of tablets; film-coated for easy swallowing. Have a line on them
so you can cut to take half a dose.
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Gelcaps - ANSWER Solid drugs. Oil-based drug in soft gelatin
capsules
Powders - ANSWER Solid drugs. Dried and finely ground drugs
Granules - ANSWER Solid drugs. Tine pills usually in gelatin
capsules; usually intended for gradual release.
Troches or Lozenges - ANSWER Solid drugs. Flattened disks that
may be hard or semisolid (i.e. cough suppressants)
Syrups - ANSWER Liquid drugs. Aqueous solutions containing
high concentrations of sugars
Solutions - ANSWER Liquid drugs. Drugs dissolved in
appropriate solvent
Elixirs - ANSWER Liquid drugs. Solutions of water, alcohol, and
sugar
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Aerosols - ANSWER Liquid drugs. Frequently delivered by oral
inhalers or nebulizers for rapid absorption into blood circulation
Situations where you should not administer via ingestion: -
ANSWER Want a localized affect, person needs to be able to
actually swallow it (tracheotomy, in a coma, vomiting actively)
Creams - ANSWER Topical semi-solid drugs. In both aqueous
and oily base (i.e. benzoyl peroxide)
Ointments - ANSWER Topical semi-solid drugs. Similar to
creams; used for local protective soothing, astringent or
transdermal systemic effects (i.e. zinc oxide)
Plasters - ANSWER Topical semi-solid drugs. Combination liquids
and powders that harden when dry (i.e. salicylic acid)
Liniments - ANSWER Topical liquid drugs. Liquid suspensions for
external application to skin
Pharmacology Midterm #1 Questions with 100%
Verified Answers UPDATED!!!
Pharmacology - ANSWER The study of drugs and their actions
and effects in body systems
General Principles of Pharmacology - ANSWER "To administer a
drug safely, one must know its usual dose frequency, route of
administration, indications, contradictions, significant adverse
reactions, and major drug interactions."
Drug Formulations: Drugs "packaged" depending on... -
ANSWER - route of administration
- maximize drug absorption
- physiochemical properties of drug
- minimize adverse effects
Pills - ANSWER Solid oral drugs. Powdered drug mixed with
liquid and rolled into round or oval shape
,2|Page
Tablets - ANSWER Solid oral drugs. Powdered form of drug and
bulk-filling material compressed under high pressure; various
types include:
chewable, sublingual, buccal, enteric-coated, buffered and
sustained release
Sustained Release - ANSWER A drug coated in a protective coat,
doesn't break down early in the stomach. Less internal damage,
sustained relief.
Capsules - ANSWER Solid drugs. External shell usually made of
gelatin contains drug in powder, granule, liquid, or combination
form.
Enteric-coating - ANSWER Solid drugs. Prevents capsule or
tablet from being dissolved in stomach where it may cause
irritation; absorption occurs in intestines. Ensures drug wont
break down in the stomach #sustainedrelease
Caplets - ANSWER Solid drugs. Shaped like capsules with form
of tablets; film-coated for easy swallowing. Have a line on them
so you can cut to take half a dose.
,3|Page
Gelcaps - ANSWER Solid drugs. Oil-based drug in soft gelatin
capsules
Powders - ANSWER Solid drugs. Dried and finely ground drugs
Granules - ANSWER Solid drugs. Tine pills usually in gelatin
capsules; usually intended for gradual release.
Troches or Lozenges - ANSWER Solid drugs. Flattened disks that
may be hard or semisolid (i.e. cough suppressants)
Syrups - ANSWER Liquid drugs. Aqueous solutions containing
high concentrations of sugars
Solutions - ANSWER Liquid drugs. Drugs dissolved in
appropriate solvent
Elixirs - ANSWER Liquid drugs. Solutions of water, alcohol, and
sugar
, 4|Page
Aerosols - ANSWER Liquid drugs. Frequently delivered by oral
inhalers or nebulizers for rapid absorption into blood circulation
Situations where you should not administer via ingestion: -
ANSWER Want a localized affect, person needs to be able to
actually swallow it (tracheotomy, in a coma, vomiting actively)
Creams - ANSWER Topical semi-solid drugs. In both aqueous
and oily base (i.e. benzoyl peroxide)
Ointments - ANSWER Topical semi-solid drugs. Similar to
creams; used for local protective soothing, astringent or
transdermal systemic effects (i.e. zinc oxide)
Plasters - ANSWER Topical semi-solid drugs. Combination liquids
and powders that harden when dry (i.e. salicylic acid)
Liniments - ANSWER Topical liquid drugs. Liquid suspensions for
external application to skin
