WGU D027 STUDY GUIDE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Autosomal Dominant - ANS 1 parent has, 50% change of child having
Autosomal Recessive - ANS Both parents are carriers, 25% change of child having, 50%
chance child is a carrier.
Cystic Fibrosis - ANS affects pancreas causing secretions in lungs
21st Trisomy - ANS Down Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) - ANS male has extra X, female like qualities
Turner Syndrome - ANS Missing X in females
Alpha Thalassemia - ANS inherited blood disorder; mild to severe anemia
Beta Thallasemia - ANS low hemoglobin; contraindicated medication ferrous sulfate
Prevalence Risk - ANS proportion of the population affected at a certain time
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Incidence rate - ANS number of new cases divided by population
Innate immunity - ANS inflammation; increased vascular permeability
B&T lymphocytes - ANS immune response
primary malignant tumor - ANS lack of organization of cells
glucocorticoids - ANS used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue
(leukemia). glucocorticoids are directly toxic to lymphoid tissues.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - ANS for hormone receptor positive and
advanced breast cancer. (Tamoxifin reduces risk and recurrence risk)
Heart failure - ANS impairment of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood; heart cannot meet
metabolic need of the body.
CHF - ANS heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in pulmonary area
Left Ventricular Dysfunction - ANS reduced ejection fraction; ventricle having issue ejecting
blood.
normal ejection fraction - ANS 55 - 60 % (blood pumped out with each heartbeat)
Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved? - ANS preserved
Diastolic CHF - ANS preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Systolic CHF - ANS reduced ejection fraction, problem is with ejecting
Left sided CHF - ANS pulmonary (JVD, fluid volume overload, rails, S-3 murmurs) ** #1 cause
of Right sided CHF
BNP - ANS gold standard lab test to diagnose CHF
Echocardiogram - ANS Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and function
At Risk for HF - Stage A - ANS no structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure
Stage A HF co-morbidities - ANS htn, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome,
patients using cardiotoxins with family history
Therapy goals of stage A HF - ANS treat htn, encourage smoking cessation, encourage regular
exercise, treat lipid disorders, discourage alcohol intake/drug use, control metabolic syndrome
Meds: ACEI or Angiotensin II RB for vascular disease or diabetes (avapro, losartan, benicar,
diovan, etc)
At Risk for HF - Stage B - ANS structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure
Stage B HF co-morbidities - ANS previous MI, LV remodeling with LV hypertrophy and low EF,
asymptomatic valvular disease
Therapy goals of Stage B HF - ANS Meds: ACEI or ARB, Beta-blockers, inplantable defibrillators
Stage C heart failure - ANS structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF
Presentation of Stage C HF - ANS known structural heart disease and shortness of breath and
fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
Autosomal Dominant - ANS 1 parent has, 50% change of child having
Autosomal Recessive - ANS Both parents are carriers, 25% change of child having, 50%
chance child is a carrier.
Cystic Fibrosis - ANS affects pancreas causing secretions in lungs
21st Trisomy - ANS Down Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) - ANS male has extra X, female like qualities
Turner Syndrome - ANS Missing X in females
Alpha Thalassemia - ANS inherited blood disorder; mild to severe anemia
Beta Thallasemia - ANS low hemoglobin; contraindicated medication ferrous sulfate
Prevalence Risk - ANS proportion of the population affected at a certain time
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Incidence rate - ANS number of new cases divided by population
Innate immunity - ANS inflammation; increased vascular permeability
B&T lymphocytes - ANS immune response
primary malignant tumor - ANS lack of organization of cells
glucocorticoids - ANS used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue
(leukemia). glucocorticoids are directly toxic to lymphoid tissues.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - ANS for hormone receptor positive and
advanced breast cancer. (Tamoxifin reduces risk and recurrence risk)
Heart failure - ANS impairment of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood; heart cannot meet
metabolic need of the body.
CHF - ANS heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in pulmonary area
Left Ventricular Dysfunction - ANS reduced ejection fraction; ventricle having issue ejecting
blood.
normal ejection fraction - ANS 55 - 60 % (blood pumped out with each heartbeat)
Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved? - ANS preserved
Diastolic CHF - ANS preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Systolic CHF - ANS reduced ejection fraction, problem is with ejecting
Left sided CHF - ANS pulmonary (JVD, fluid volume overload, rails, S-3 murmurs) ** #1 cause
of Right sided CHF
BNP - ANS gold standard lab test to diagnose CHF
Echocardiogram - ANS Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and function
At Risk for HF - Stage A - ANS no structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure
Stage A HF co-morbidities - ANS htn, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome,
patients using cardiotoxins with family history
Therapy goals of stage A HF - ANS treat htn, encourage smoking cessation, encourage regular
exercise, treat lipid disorders, discourage alcohol intake/drug use, control metabolic syndrome
Meds: ACEI or Angiotensin II RB for vascular disease or diabetes (avapro, losartan, benicar,
diovan, etc)
At Risk for HF - Stage B - ANS structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure
Stage B HF co-morbidities - ANS previous MI, LV remodeling with LV hypertrophy and low EF,
asymptomatic valvular disease
Therapy goals of Stage B HF - ANS Meds: ACEI or ARB, Beta-blockers, inplantable defibrillators
Stage C heart failure - ANS structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF
Presentation of Stage C HF - ANS known structural heart disease and shortness of breath and
fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
