BIO 169 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the functions of the endocrine system? - Answer -controls - reproduction,
metabolism, growth/development, fluid/electrolyte balance, resistance to stress
What are paracrine secretions? Traits? - Answer -Local hormone that enters interstitial
fluid but affects only neighboring cells. Potent and secreted in small amounts, only when
needed. They break down quickly.
What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? - Answer -ACTH-
Adrenocorticotropic hormone.
FSH-Follicle-stimulating hormone.
GH-Growth hormone. Also called STH, or somatotrophic hormone.
LH-Luteinizing hormone.
PRL-Prolactin.
TSH-Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Name some steroid hormones. - Answer -sex hormones-testosterone, estrogens. Also,
aldosterone, cortisol.
Name some nonsteroid hormones. - Answer -norepinephrine and epinephrine (amines)
PTH (parathyroid hormone), GH (growth hormone), and PRL (prolactin) (protein
hormones)
FHS (follicle stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and TSH (thyroid-
stimulating hormone).(glycoproteins)
ADH, or antidiuretic hormone and OT, or oxytocin),(TRH (thyrotropin-releasing
hormone), SS (somastostatin), and GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). (peptides)
What are the second messengers? - Answer -cAMP, cGMP, diacylglycerol (DAG)
What are the "fight-or-flight" hormones? - Answer -Epinephrine and norephinephrine
ADH - Answer -antiduiretic hormone. Raises blood pressure, causes kidneys to reduce
water excretion.
Where are colloids found? - Answer -thyroid
What is the cuddle hormone and hormone instrumental in labor? - Answer -oxytocin
What are the intermediaries in the formation of norepinephrine? - Answer -dopa and
dopamine
, What hormone is involved in Vit D absorption and increased absorption of calcium? -
Answer -parathyroid hormone
What hormones determine basal metabolic rate? - Answer -T3 and T4
What hormone is responsible for the biological clock? - Answer -melatonin
ADH hormone is released from the ___. - Answer -pituitary gland
What is the hormone that causes the kidney to secrete Na and excrete K and cause
water retention? - Answer -aldosterone
What is calcitonin secreted by? - Answer -thyroid gland
Type II diabetes - Answer -Maturity onset diabetes. Happens later in life. Non-insulin-
dependent diabetes. Loss of insulin receptors. Associated with obesity.
Type I diabetes - Answer -An autoimmune disorder where immune system attacks beta
cells of pancreas. Insulin cannot be produced. Juvenile diabetes.
Diabetes insipidus - Answer -Body is not producing or responding to ADH. Impairs
regulation of water balance. Lots of urine. Dehydration.
What is the fight-or-flight gland and what part of nervous system is involved? - Answer -
adrenal gland, sympathetic nervous system
What hormone lowers blood calcium and phosphate ion levels and stimulates bone
formation? - Answer -calcitonin
Name characteristics of RBCs. - Answer -Life span of about 120 days. Lose nucleus
during development, so they cannot make proteins or divide. Produce ATP through
glycolysis only. RBCs wear out the liver and spleen dispose of them.
platelets - Answer -Also called thrombocytes. Large cytoplasm fragments of
megakaryocytes that shrink.
diapedesis - Answer -passage of white blood cells through intact capillary walls and
into the surrounding tissue
agglutination - Answer -Causes chest pain, difficulty breathing
fibrin - Answer -forms meshwork to trap blood cells, platelets to form blood clot.
What is associated with intrinsic clotting mechanism only? - Answer -Hageman Factor
What is associated with blood clot dissolution? - Answer -plasminogen
What are the functions of the endocrine system? - Answer -controls - reproduction,
metabolism, growth/development, fluid/electrolyte balance, resistance to stress
What are paracrine secretions? Traits? - Answer -Local hormone that enters interstitial
fluid but affects only neighboring cells. Potent and secreted in small amounts, only when
needed. They break down quickly.
What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? - Answer -ACTH-
Adrenocorticotropic hormone.
FSH-Follicle-stimulating hormone.
GH-Growth hormone. Also called STH, or somatotrophic hormone.
LH-Luteinizing hormone.
PRL-Prolactin.
TSH-Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Name some steroid hormones. - Answer -sex hormones-testosterone, estrogens. Also,
aldosterone, cortisol.
Name some nonsteroid hormones. - Answer -norepinephrine and epinephrine (amines)
PTH (parathyroid hormone), GH (growth hormone), and PRL (prolactin) (protein
hormones)
FHS (follicle stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and TSH (thyroid-
stimulating hormone).(glycoproteins)
ADH, or antidiuretic hormone and OT, or oxytocin),(TRH (thyrotropin-releasing
hormone), SS (somastostatin), and GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). (peptides)
What are the second messengers? - Answer -cAMP, cGMP, diacylglycerol (DAG)
What are the "fight-or-flight" hormones? - Answer -Epinephrine and norephinephrine
ADH - Answer -antiduiretic hormone. Raises blood pressure, causes kidneys to reduce
water excretion.
Where are colloids found? - Answer -thyroid
What is the cuddle hormone and hormone instrumental in labor? - Answer -oxytocin
What are the intermediaries in the formation of norepinephrine? - Answer -dopa and
dopamine
, What hormone is involved in Vit D absorption and increased absorption of calcium? -
Answer -parathyroid hormone
What hormones determine basal metabolic rate? - Answer -T3 and T4
What hormone is responsible for the biological clock? - Answer -melatonin
ADH hormone is released from the ___. - Answer -pituitary gland
What is the hormone that causes the kidney to secrete Na and excrete K and cause
water retention? - Answer -aldosterone
What is calcitonin secreted by? - Answer -thyroid gland
Type II diabetes - Answer -Maturity onset diabetes. Happens later in life. Non-insulin-
dependent diabetes. Loss of insulin receptors. Associated with obesity.
Type I diabetes - Answer -An autoimmune disorder where immune system attacks beta
cells of pancreas. Insulin cannot be produced. Juvenile diabetes.
Diabetes insipidus - Answer -Body is not producing or responding to ADH. Impairs
regulation of water balance. Lots of urine. Dehydration.
What is the fight-or-flight gland and what part of nervous system is involved? - Answer -
adrenal gland, sympathetic nervous system
What hormone lowers blood calcium and phosphate ion levels and stimulates bone
formation? - Answer -calcitonin
Name characteristics of RBCs. - Answer -Life span of about 120 days. Lose nucleus
during development, so they cannot make proteins or divide. Produce ATP through
glycolysis only. RBCs wear out the liver and spleen dispose of them.
platelets - Answer -Also called thrombocytes. Large cytoplasm fragments of
megakaryocytes that shrink.
diapedesis - Answer -passage of white blood cells through intact capillary walls and
into the surrounding tissue
agglutination - Answer -Causes chest pain, difficulty breathing
fibrin - Answer -forms meshwork to trap blood cells, platelets to form blood clot.
What is associated with intrinsic clotting mechanism only? - Answer -Hageman Factor
What is associated with blood clot dissolution? - Answer -plasminogen
