NSG 5140 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Exam Review – Questions and Correct Answers
(Midterm Preparation Material)
Introduction:
This document provides a complete review of Advanced
Pathophysiology (NSG 5140) for the midterm exam, including
exam-style questions with their correct answers. The material
covers key endocrine and metabolic disorders such as diabetes
mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar
hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS), thyroid dysfunction, acromegaly,
and fluid/electrolyte imbalances. It also includes normal lab
ranges, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic criteria,
clinical signs and symptoms, and treatment principles. This
resource is structured as a comprehensive study guide designed
to support exam preparation.
Questions and Answers:
The nurse plans a class for patients who have newly diagnosed
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Which goal is most appropriate?
,A. Make all patients responsible for the management of their
disease
B. Involve the family and significant others in the care of these
patients
C. Enable the patients to become active participants in the
management of their disease
D. Provide the patients with as much information as soon as
possible to prevent complications -Answer:-C. Enable the patients
to become active participants in the management of their disease
A patient screened for diabetes at a clinic has a fasting plasma
glucose level of 120 mg/dl (6.7 mmol/L). Which statement by the
nurse is best?
A. "You will develop Type 2 Diabetes within 5 years"
B. "You are at increased risk for developing diabetes"
C. "The test is normal, and diabetes is not a problem"
D. "The laboratory test is positive for type 2 diabetes" -Answer:-B.
"You are at increased risk for developing diabetes
, The nurse is caring for a patient with Type 1 diabetes who is
admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. The nurse would expect
which lab test result?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Fluid overload
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Hyperphosphatemia -Answer:-A. Hypokalemia
Serum osmolality range -Answer:-280-300 mOsm/kg
Urine osmolality range -Answer:-200-800 mOsm/kg
BUN/Creatinine range -Answer:-6-20/ 0.5-1.5 mg/100ml
Hematocrit range -Answer:-F= 37-47 M= 40-54ml/100ml
Urine specific gravity range -Answer:-1.01-1.025
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) -Answer:-90-120 ml/min
Exam Review – Questions and Correct Answers
(Midterm Preparation Material)
Introduction:
This document provides a complete review of Advanced
Pathophysiology (NSG 5140) for the midterm exam, including
exam-style questions with their correct answers. The material
covers key endocrine and metabolic disorders such as diabetes
mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar
hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS), thyroid dysfunction, acromegaly,
and fluid/electrolyte imbalances. It also includes normal lab
ranges, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic criteria,
clinical signs and symptoms, and treatment principles. This
resource is structured as a comprehensive study guide designed
to support exam preparation.
Questions and Answers:
The nurse plans a class for patients who have newly diagnosed
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Which goal is most appropriate?
,A. Make all patients responsible for the management of their
disease
B. Involve the family and significant others in the care of these
patients
C. Enable the patients to become active participants in the
management of their disease
D. Provide the patients with as much information as soon as
possible to prevent complications -Answer:-C. Enable the patients
to become active participants in the management of their disease
A patient screened for diabetes at a clinic has a fasting plasma
glucose level of 120 mg/dl (6.7 mmol/L). Which statement by the
nurse is best?
A. "You will develop Type 2 Diabetes within 5 years"
B. "You are at increased risk for developing diabetes"
C. "The test is normal, and diabetes is not a problem"
D. "The laboratory test is positive for type 2 diabetes" -Answer:-B.
"You are at increased risk for developing diabetes
, The nurse is caring for a patient with Type 1 diabetes who is
admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. The nurse would expect
which lab test result?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Fluid overload
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Hyperphosphatemia -Answer:-A. Hypokalemia
Serum osmolality range -Answer:-280-300 mOsm/kg
Urine osmolality range -Answer:-200-800 mOsm/kg
BUN/Creatinine range -Answer:-6-20/ 0.5-1.5 mg/100ml
Hematocrit range -Answer:-F= 37-47 M= 40-54ml/100ml
Urine specific gravity range -Answer:-1.01-1.025
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) -Answer:-90-120 ml/min
