Solutions Manual for pharmacology– Questions & correct Answers
solutions with Rationales
1. A patient is prescribed lisinopril for hypertension. Which adverse effect should the
nurse monitor most closely?
A. Persistent cough
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Bradycardia
D. Constipation
Answer: A. Persistent cough
Rationale: ACE inhibitors may increase bradykinin levels, causing a persistent dry cough.
Angioedema is rare but serious.
2. A patient is taking furosemide. Which lab value should be monitored?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase potassium excretion, risking hypokalemia, which can cause
arrhythmias.
3. Which patient is at greatest risk for digoxin toxicity?
A. Patient with hypokalemia
B. Patient with hyperkalemia
C. Patient with hypertension
D. Patient with normal potassium
Answer: A. Patient with hypokalemia
Rationale: Low potassium increases digoxin’s effects on cardiac conduction, leading to toxicity.
,4. A patient taking warfarin reports bruising. Which action is appropriate?
A. Notify the provider immediately
B. Encourage more vitamin K intake
C. Stop medication without guidance
D. Increase dose to maintain INR
Answer: A. Notify the provider immediately
Rationale: Bruising indicates possible excessive anticoagulation; immediate evaluation is
necessary.
5. Which instruction is correct for metformin?
A. Take with meals to reduce GI upset
B. Skip doses if nausea occurs
C. Take only at bedtime
D. Stop therapy immediately if diarrhea occurs
Answer: A. Take with meals to reduce GI upset
Rationale: Food reduces gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and cramping.
6. Which adverse effect is common with corticosteroids?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypotension
C. Bradycardia
D. Weight loss
Answer: A. Hyperglycemia
Rationale: Corticosteroids increase gluconeogenesis and reduce glucose utilization, raising
blood sugar levels.
7. A patient taking benzodiazepines should avoid:
A. Alcohol
B. Vitamin C
C. High-protein foods
D. Exercise
Answer: A. Alcohol
Rationale: Benzodiazepines depress the CNS; alcohol increases sedation and respiratory
depression risk.
, 8. Which nursing action is correct for subcutaneous insulin injections?
A. Rotate injection sites
B. Aspirate before injection
C. Massage the site vigorously
D. Use only large-gauge needles
Answer: A. Rotate injection sites
Rationale: Prevents lipodystrophy and ensures consistent insulin absorption.
9. A patient taking ciprofloxacin reports tendon pain. Nursing action:
A. Stop medication and notify provider
B. Encourage exercise
C. Reduce dose at home
D. Continue therapy
Answer: A. Stop medication and notify provider
Rationale: Fluoroquinolones can cause tendonitis and tendon rupture, especially in older
adults.
10. Which lab should be monitored for heparin therapy?
A. aPTT
B. PT/INR
C. Serum potassium
D. Blood glucose
Answer: A. aPTT
Rationale: Ensures therapeutic anticoagulation while minimizing bleeding risk.
11. Which adverse effect is most concerning with morphine?
A. Respiratory depression
B. Constipation
C. Mild nausea
D. Drowsiness
Answer: A. Respiratory depression
Rationale: Life-threatening CNS depression requires immediate monitoring.
solutions with Rationales
1. A patient is prescribed lisinopril for hypertension. Which adverse effect should the
nurse monitor most closely?
A. Persistent cough
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Bradycardia
D. Constipation
Answer: A. Persistent cough
Rationale: ACE inhibitors may increase bradykinin levels, causing a persistent dry cough.
Angioedema is rare but serious.
2. A patient is taking furosemide. Which lab value should be monitored?
A. Potassium
B. Sodium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase potassium excretion, risking hypokalemia, which can cause
arrhythmias.
3. Which patient is at greatest risk for digoxin toxicity?
A. Patient with hypokalemia
B. Patient with hyperkalemia
C. Patient with hypertension
D. Patient with normal potassium
Answer: A. Patient with hypokalemia
Rationale: Low potassium increases digoxin’s effects on cardiac conduction, leading to toxicity.
,4. A patient taking warfarin reports bruising. Which action is appropriate?
A. Notify the provider immediately
B. Encourage more vitamin K intake
C. Stop medication without guidance
D. Increase dose to maintain INR
Answer: A. Notify the provider immediately
Rationale: Bruising indicates possible excessive anticoagulation; immediate evaluation is
necessary.
5. Which instruction is correct for metformin?
A. Take with meals to reduce GI upset
B. Skip doses if nausea occurs
C. Take only at bedtime
D. Stop therapy immediately if diarrhea occurs
Answer: A. Take with meals to reduce GI upset
Rationale: Food reduces gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, diarrhea, and cramping.
6. Which adverse effect is common with corticosteroids?
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hypotension
C. Bradycardia
D. Weight loss
Answer: A. Hyperglycemia
Rationale: Corticosteroids increase gluconeogenesis and reduce glucose utilization, raising
blood sugar levels.
7. A patient taking benzodiazepines should avoid:
A. Alcohol
B. Vitamin C
C. High-protein foods
D. Exercise
Answer: A. Alcohol
Rationale: Benzodiazepines depress the CNS; alcohol increases sedation and respiratory
depression risk.
, 8. Which nursing action is correct for subcutaneous insulin injections?
A. Rotate injection sites
B. Aspirate before injection
C. Massage the site vigorously
D. Use only large-gauge needles
Answer: A. Rotate injection sites
Rationale: Prevents lipodystrophy and ensures consistent insulin absorption.
9. A patient taking ciprofloxacin reports tendon pain. Nursing action:
A. Stop medication and notify provider
B. Encourage exercise
C. Reduce dose at home
D. Continue therapy
Answer: A. Stop medication and notify provider
Rationale: Fluoroquinolones can cause tendonitis and tendon rupture, especially in older
adults.
10. Which lab should be monitored for heparin therapy?
A. aPTT
B. PT/INR
C. Serum potassium
D. Blood glucose
Answer: A. aPTT
Rationale: Ensures therapeutic anticoagulation while minimizing bleeding risk.
11. Which adverse effect is most concerning with morphine?
A. Respiratory depression
B. Constipation
C. Mild nausea
D. Drowsiness
Answer: A. Respiratory depression
Rationale: Life-threatening CNS depression requires immediate monitoring.
