1
Pediatric Fall 2025
Sabrina Arocho
PPT 2 Study Guide
● Vocab:
○ Art Therapy: utilizing drawing as a form of therapeutic strategy
○ Behavioral Modification: a method used to alter inappropriate behaviors by
reinforcing desirable behaviors
○ Play Therapy: strategy used for children to act out their feelings or problems
through toys, dolls, art,etc.
○ Growth: an increase in physical size of a whole or any of its parts
○ development: continuous, orderly series of conditions that lead to activities, new
motives for activities and eventual patterns of behavior
○ Chronological age: defined as age in years
○ Developmental age: age based on functional behavior and ability to adapt to the
environment
○ Adjusted age: # of weeks premature is subtracted from chronological age to
determine infant developmental age
○ anticipatory guidance: process of understanding upcoming developmental needs
○ regression: use of behavior that is more appropriate to an earlier stage of
development
○ separation anxiety: distress behavior in young children when separated from
familiar caregiver
○ Directional Terms
■ Cephalocaudal: head downward towards feet
■ Proximodistal: center of body outwards
■ differentiation: development from simple operations to more complex
activities and functions
○ Syndactlyly: webbing of finger/toes
○ Polydactyly: more than 10 fingers/toes
○ Acrocyanosis: peripheral cyanosis is to hand and feet
○ Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD): pulmonary disease in infants who lungs
require supplemental O2, high incidence in premises
○ Caput succedaneum: swelling of tissue that crosses suture line due to pressure of
labor
○ Cephalohematoma: blood collection from ruptured vessel; doesn’t cross suture
line ( between cranial bone and periosteum in periosteal space)
, 2
○ epstein pearls: small white specks on gum lines of newborns
○ erbs palsy: paralysis of arm and chest wall from birth injury to brachial plexus or
5th -6th cervical nerves
○ extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: prolonged heart-lung bypass to allow
lungs to heal
○ intraventricular hemorrhage:bleeding intro ventricle in brain causing IICP
○ Lanuago:fine, downy hair found on all body parts except palms and soles from 20
weeks gestation with decrease at 36 weeks
○ meconium aspiration syndrome: respiration in which fetus aspirates meconium
from amniotic fluid
○ milia: tiny white pustules on face and chin resulting from opened sebaceous
glands
○ pilonidal dimple: dimple located on skin surface at the base on spine but no
connected to it
● Developmental Stages
○ Timeframes:
■ Prenatal period:
● Germinal - conception - 2 weeks
Pediatric Fall 2025
Sabrina Arocho
PPT 2 Study Guide
● Vocab:
○ Art Therapy: utilizing drawing as a form of therapeutic strategy
○ Behavioral Modification: a method used to alter inappropriate behaviors by
reinforcing desirable behaviors
○ Play Therapy: strategy used for children to act out their feelings or problems
through toys, dolls, art,etc.
○ Growth: an increase in physical size of a whole or any of its parts
○ development: continuous, orderly series of conditions that lead to activities, new
motives for activities and eventual patterns of behavior
○ Chronological age: defined as age in years
○ Developmental age: age based on functional behavior and ability to adapt to the
environment
○ Adjusted age: # of weeks premature is subtracted from chronological age to
determine infant developmental age
○ anticipatory guidance: process of understanding upcoming developmental needs
○ regression: use of behavior that is more appropriate to an earlier stage of
development
○ separation anxiety: distress behavior in young children when separated from
familiar caregiver
○ Directional Terms
■ Cephalocaudal: head downward towards feet
■ Proximodistal: center of body outwards
■ differentiation: development from simple operations to more complex
activities and functions
○ Syndactlyly: webbing of finger/toes
○ Polydactyly: more than 10 fingers/toes
○ Acrocyanosis: peripheral cyanosis is to hand and feet
○ Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD): pulmonary disease in infants who lungs
require supplemental O2, high incidence in premises
○ Caput succedaneum: swelling of tissue that crosses suture line due to pressure of
labor
○ Cephalohematoma: blood collection from ruptured vessel; doesn’t cross suture
line ( between cranial bone and periosteum in periosteal space)
, 2
○ epstein pearls: small white specks on gum lines of newborns
○ erbs palsy: paralysis of arm and chest wall from birth injury to brachial plexus or
5th -6th cervical nerves
○ extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: prolonged heart-lung bypass to allow
lungs to heal
○ intraventricular hemorrhage:bleeding intro ventricle in brain causing IICP
○ Lanuago:fine, downy hair found on all body parts except palms and soles from 20
weeks gestation with decrease at 36 weeks
○ meconium aspiration syndrome: respiration in which fetus aspirates meconium
from amniotic fluid
○ milia: tiny white pustules on face and chin resulting from opened sebaceous
glands
○ pilonidal dimple: dimple located on skin surface at the base on spine but no
connected to it
● Developmental Stages
○ Timeframes:
■ Prenatal period:
● Germinal - conception - 2 weeks
