Microbiology Chapter 13: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions || A+
Graded Answers.
Filterable agent correct answers a virus; too small to be filtered out like bacteria
First human disease to be associated as a filterable agent and to be transmitted by a mosquito
correct answers yellow fever
Obligatory intracellular parasites correct answers require living host cells to multiply
characteristics of viruses correct answers contains either DNA or RNA, protein coat, multiply
inside living cells, transfer viral nucleic acid to other cells
Bacteriophages (phages) correct answers viruses that infect only bacteria
Viral attachment sites on host cell correct answers part of cell wall and fimbriae of flagella,
plasma membrane for animal viruses
Virion correct answers complete, fully developed, infectious viral particle composed of
nucleic acid and a protein coat
capsid correct answers protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid core
capsomeres correct answers protein subunits that compose the capsid
envelope correct answers may be present around the outside of the capsid
envelope made up of correct answers part of host cell membrane and proteins coded by virus
spikes correct answers carbohydrate and protein complexes that project from the envelope
surface
function of spikes correct answers help attach the virus to host cells, identify virus, virulence
factor
virulence factor of spikes correct answers hemagglutination- clumps of RBCs
host reaction to viruses correct answers production of antibodies to viral surface proteins and
inactivation of virus
polyhedral virus correct answers Icosahedron- 20 equilateral triangles
poliovirus (+ssRNA)
adenovirus (dsDNA, spikes)
Helical virus correct answers Filovirus (Ebola) - ssRNA
Lyssavirus (Rabies) - ssRNA
Enveloped virus correct answers Influenzavirus -ssRNA, multiple segments (8)
, Influenza family, genus, capsid, envelope, genome correct answers Family-
Orthomyxoviridae
Genus- Influenzavirus
Capsid- protein coat
Envelope- lipid bilayer
Genome consists of 8 separate -RNA segments
Influenza surface spikes correct answers neuraminidase and hemagglutinin spikes
Flu H spikes correct answers allow virus to attach to specific host cell receptors (attachment)
Flu N spikes correct answers help virus separate from infected cells after replication (release)
H 1-3 of flu strands correct answers human infecting strans
H 4-5 correct answers infect swine and birds (5 avian not effective human to human)
significance of swine to influenza virus correct answers mixing vessels, infected with both
human and avian flu
antigenic shift correct answers caused by major genetic recombination
pandemics occur when correct answers virus acquires a new hemagglutinin and or
neuraminidase spike and antibodies formed against one strain will not be protective due to
antigenic shift
antigenic drift correct answers reflects minor annual variations in the antigenic makeup of
influenza virus. Often a missense mutations or response to selective pressure by antibodies
High mutation rates are characteristic of correct answers RNA strands
flu categorized based on correct answers the antigen of their protein coat
Three types of flue correct answers Influenza A- regular outbreaks, domestic animals, and
some wild birds
Influenza B- sporadic outbreaks of illness in limited areas
Influenza C- common, but seldom causes disease symptoms
main treatment for Influenza correct answers neuraminidase inhibitors: relenza and tamiflu
secondary treatment for influenza correct answers prevent uncoating reduce symptoms of
type A
Enveloped icosahedral virus correct answers Herpesviridae- dsDNA with envelope
Mono, shingles, cold sores, chicken pox, genital herpes
Complex Viruses correct answers ds DNA, T-even bacteriophage, enveloped, large, brick
shaped virus
Smallpox, cowpox
Graded Answers.
Filterable agent correct answers a virus; too small to be filtered out like bacteria
First human disease to be associated as a filterable agent and to be transmitted by a mosquito
correct answers yellow fever
Obligatory intracellular parasites correct answers require living host cells to multiply
characteristics of viruses correct answers contains either DNA or RNA, protein coat, multiply
inside living cells, transfer viral nucleic acid to other cells
Bacteriophages (phages) correct answers viruses that infect only bacteria
Viral attachment sites on host cell correct answers part of cell wall and fimbriae of flagella,
plasma membrane for animal viruses
Virion correct answers complete, fully developed, infectious viral particle composed of
nucleic acid and a protein coat
capsid correct answers protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid core
capsomeres correct answers protein subunits that compose the capsid
envelope correct answers may be present around the outside of the capsid
envelope made up of correct answers part of host cell membrane and proteins coded by virus
spikes correct answers carbohydrate and protein complexes that project from the envelope
surface
function of spikes correct answers help attach the virus to host cells, identify virus, virulence
factor
virulence factor of spikes correct answers hemagglutination- clumps of RBCs
host reaction to viruses correct answers production of antibodies to viral surface proteins and
inactivation of virus
polyhedral virus correct answers Icosahedron- 20 equilateral triangles
poliovirus (+ssRNA)
adenovirus (dsDNA, spikes)
Helical virus correct answers Filovirus (Ebola) - ssRNA
Lyssavirus (Rabies) - ssRNA
Enveloped virus correct answers Influenzavirus -ssRNA, multiple segments (8)
, Influenza family, genus, capsid, envelope, genome correct answers Family-
Orthomyxoviridae
Genus- Influenzavirus
Capsid- protein coat
Envelope- lipid bilayer
Genome consists of 8 separate -RNA segments
Influenza surface spikes correct answers neuraminidase and hemagglutinin spikes
Flu H spikes correct answers allow virus to attach to specific host cell receptors (attachment)
Flu N spikes correct answers help virus separate from infected cells after replication (release)
H 1-3 of flu strands correct answers human infecting strans
H 4-5 correct answers infect swine and birds (5 avian not effective human to human)
significance of swine to influenza virus correct answers mixing vessels, infected with both
human and avian flu
antigenic shift correct answers caused by major genetic recombination
pandemics occur when correct answers virus acquires a new hemagglutinin and or
neuraminidase spike and antibodies formed against one strain will not be protective due to
antigenic shift
antigenic drift correct answers reflects minor annual variations in the antigenic makeup of
influenza virus. Often a missense mutations or response to selective pressure by antibodies
High mutation rates are characteristic of correct answers RNA strands
flu categorized based on correct answers the antigen of their protein coat
Three types of flue correct answers Influenza A- regular outbreaks, domestic animals, and
some wild birds
Influenza B- sporadic outbreaks of illness in limited areas
Influenza C- common, but seldom causes disease symptoms
main treatment for Influenza correct answers neuraminidase inhibitors: relenza and tamiflu
secondary treatment for influenza correct answers prevent uncoating reduce symptoms of
type A
Enveloped icosahedral virus correct answers Herpesviridae- dsDNA with envelope
Mono, shingles, cold sores, chicken pox, genital herpes
Complex Viruses correct answers ds DNA, T-even bacteriophage, enveloped, large, brick
shaped virus
Smallpox, cowpox
