Piaget Stages of Development - ANSWER Sensorimotor Stage (birth to age 2)
Pre-operational stage (ages 2-7)
Concrete operational stage (ages 7-12)
Formal operational stage (ages 12+)
Sensorimotor Stage (birth to age 2) - ANSWER No object permanence
No perceived difference between self and others
No symbolic functioning (one thing can represent something else)
Acquiring knowledge through repetitive actions
Pre-Operational Stage (ages 2-7): - ANSWER Egocentrism
Animism
Verbal labeling
Perceptual boundedness
Realism
Can't perform logical operations (can't reverse causal order; difficulty with transformations,
conservation)
Moral realism
Temporal ordering
Attention span and task completion
1
,Low retention
Pre-Operational Stage (ages 2-7): Implications for media use - ANSWER Can't
understand persuasion attempts
Don't distinguish between an ad and a show
Unidimensionality of characters
Difficulty identifying with characters/difficulty understanding other perspectives
Difficulty understanding character motivations
Focus on action (perceptually salient content)
Difficulty with changes in appearance/reconciling appearance/behavior incongruence
Can't make transitions between time and space/reality and fantasy
Difficulty making inferences
Egocentrism - ANSWER Assumes everyone has the same knowledge and feelings as
they do
Think they can control the forces of nature
Animism - ANSWER Endow objects with life
Verbal labeling → helps with visual processing
Perceptual boundedness - ANSWER Tendency to focus on a single striking feature;
neglecting other aspects
Cannot focus on more than one thing at a time
Focus on how things look rather than on other characteristics
Take the most salient feature and generalize from there
Pretty = nice; ugly = mean
Realism - ANSWER Believe that all things are equally real (names, words)
2
, Difficulty seeing the difference between reality and fantasy
Concrete Operational Stage (ages 7-12) - ANSWER Ability to reverse operations
Improves comprehension and recall
Decentration occurs
Can focus on more than one dimension at a time
No longer perceptually bound
Conservation is understood
Egocentrism diminishes
Still have difficulty understanding multiple perspectives, but they can understand a few
Relational thinking occurs
Can distinguish between light and dark, etc.
Focus on concrete
Linearity -- time is short and linear
Take what they see at face value -- Literal
Complex emotional changes
Greater academic challenges
Closer identification with peers
Thinking more symbolic
Develop an inner voice
Concrete Operational Stage (ages 7-12): Media Implications -
ANSWER Comprehension and recall improve
Focus on aspects other than appearance
Fascinated with transformations
Make predictions
Focus on concrete events
Difficulties with multiple perspectives
3
Pre-operational stage (ages 2-7)
Concrete operational stage (ages 7-12)
Formal operational stage (ages 12+)
Sensorimotor Stage (birth to age 2) - ANSWER No object permanence
No perceived difference between self and others
No symbolic functioning (one thing can represent something else)
Acquiring knowledge through repetitive actions
Pre-Operational Stage (ages 2-7): - ANSWER Egocentrism
Animism
Verbal labeling
Perceptual boundedness
Realism
Can't perform logical operations (can't reverse causal order; difficulty with transformations,
conservation)
Moral realism
Temporal ordering
Attention span and task completion
1
,Low retention
Pre-Operational Stage (ages 2-7): Implications for media use - ANSWER Can't
understand persuasion attempts
Don't distinguish between an ad and a show
Unidimensionality of characters
Difficulty identifying with characters/difficulty understanding other perspectives
Difficulty understanding character motivations
Focus on action (perceptually salient content)
Difficulty with changes in appearance/reconciling appearance/behavior incongruence
Can't make transitions between time and space/reality and fantasy
Difficulty making inferences
Egocentrism - ANSWER Assumes everyone has the same knowledge and feelings as
they do
Think they can control the forces of nature
Animism - ANSWER Endow objects with life
Verbal labeling → helps with visual processing
Perceptual boundedness - ANSWER Tendency to focus on a single striking feature;
neglecting other aspects
Cannot focus on more than one thing at a time
Focus on how things look rather than on other characteristics
Take the most salient feature and generalize from there
Pretty = nice; ugly = mean
Realism - ANSWER Believe that all things are equally real (names, words)
2
, Difficulty seeing the difference between reality and fantasy
Concrete Operational Stage (ages 7-12) - ANSWER Ability to reverse operations
Improves comprehension and recall
Decentration occurs
Can focus on more than one dimension at a time
No longer perceptually bound
Conservation is understood
Egocentrism diminishes
Still have difficulty understanding multiple perspectives, but they can understand a few
Relational thinking occurs
Can distinguish between light and dark, etc.
Focus on concrete
Linearity -- time is short and linear
Take what they see at face value -- Literal
Complex emotional changes
Greater academic challenges
Closer identification with peers
Thinking more symbolic
Develop an inner voice
Concrete Operational Stage (ages 7-12): Media Implications -
ANSWER Comprehension and recall improve
Focus on aspects other than appearance
Fascinated with transformations
Make predictions
Focus on concrete events
Difficulties with multiple perspectives
3
