FOUNDATIONS IN MICROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 13 LATEST 2026 STUDY GUIDE WITH SOLVED QUESTIONS AND EXPERT SOLUTIONS

FOUNDATIONS IN MICROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 13
LATEST 2026 STUDY GUIDE WITH SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND EXPERT SOLUTIONS



◉2. Resident microbiota is commonly found in the
a. liver
b. kidney
c. salivary glands
d. urethra . Answer: d. urethra


◉3. Normal resident microbes are absent from the
a. pharynx
b. lungs
c. intestine
d. hair follicles . Answer: b. lungs


◉4. Virulence factors include
a. toxins
b. enzymes
c. capsules
d. all of these . Answer: d. all of these

, ◉5. The specific action of hemolysins is to
a. damage white blood cells
b. cause fever
c. damage red blood cells
d. cause leukocytosis . Answer: c. damage red blood cells


◉6. The __________ is the time that lapses between encounter with a
pathogen and the first symptoms.
a. prodrome
b. period of invasion
c. period of convalescence
d. period of incubation . Answer: d. period of incubation


◉7. A short period early in a disease that manifests with general malaise
and achiness is the
a. period of incubation
b. prodrome
c. sequela
d. period of invasion . Answer: b. prodrome


◉8. The presence of a few bacteria in the blood is termed