AP BIOLOGY UNIT 1 TEST
water - Correct Answers --polar molecule
-polar colvalent bonds
-oxygen end is partial negative and the hydrogens have a partially positive end
-cohesive
polar covalent bonds - Correct Answers --opposite ends of the molecule have opposite
charges
cohesion - Correct Answers --H bonding between H2O creates it (sticky)
-allows for the movement of water against gravity
-high surface tension
-water moves up a tree by transpiration (helped by ____)
adhesion - Correct Answers --H2O molecules form H bonds with other substances
~capillary action
~meniscus
~water climbs up fiber
solvent - Correct Answers --water is the universal one
-polar water molecules will surround the (+) and (-) ions causing the ions to separate
and dissolve
-dissolve solutes and create aqueous solutions
hydrophilic - Correct Answers --some molecules have an affinity for water
-polar and ionic molecules
-ex: cotton, cellulose, paper
hydrophobic - Correct Answers --some substances do not have an affinity for water
-nonpolar and non ionic substances
-ex: fat, glycerol, oils
floats - Correct Answers --less dense when it is solid, water ______
-forms crystal lattice structure
-important because oceans and lakes do not freeze solid
~insulates water below
~seasonal turnover of lakes
, specific heat - Correct Answers --the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for
1g to change its temperature by 1C
-water had high _____ due to H bonding
-resists change in temp
-moderates temp on earth
evaporative cooling - Correct Answers --organisms use to regulate their temperature
-ex: sweating
-water evaporates through a surface, cooling occurs
acidic - Correct Answers -If [H+]>[-OH]
basic - Correct Answers -If [-OH]>[H+]
pH scale - Correct Answers --how acidic or basic a solution is
-pure water, only 1 molecule in every 554 million is dissociated
-most biological fluids have 6-8
-each unit represents a 10-fold difference in H+ and -OH concentrations
neutral - Correct Answers --If concentration of 2 ions is equal
carbon - Correct Answers --all life mostly based on this element
-important due to its electron configuration
~able to make 4 stable covalent bonds (tetra valence)
~very versatile
-tetravalence allows them to be strung together in chains
phosphodiester bond - Correct Answers --new base added to sugar of previous base
-polymer grows in one direction
metabolism - Correct Answers --the totality of an organism's chemical reactions
-each reaction will follow a pathway
-what manages the material being used and formed and the energy needed for the
changes
metabolic pathway - Correct Answers --a specific molecule is altered resulting in a
product (needs enzymes in order to be changed)
catabolism - Correct Answers --breaking down of complex molecules to simpler
compounds
-releases energy
-known as hydrolysis or digestion
hydrocarbons - Correct Answers --combinations of C and H
-nonpolar
~not soluble in water
~hydrophobic
water - Correct Answers --polar molecule
-polar colvalent bonds
-oxygen end is partial negative and the hydrogens have a partially positive end
-cohesive
polar covalent bonds - Correct Answers --opposite ends of the molecule have opposite
charges
cohesion - Correct Answers --H bonding between H2O creates it (sticky)
-allows for the movement of water against gravity
-high surface tension
-water moves up a tree by transpiration (helped by ____)
adhesion - Correct Answers --H2O molecules form H bonds with other substances
~capillary action
~meniscus
~water climbs up fiber
solvent - Correct Answers --water is the universal one
-polar water molecules will surround the (+) and (-) ions causing the ions to separate
and dissolve
-dissolve solutes and create aqueous solutions
hydrophilic - Correct Answers --some molecules have an affinity for water
-polar and ionic molecules
-ex: cotton, cellulose, paper
hydrophobic - Correct Answers --some substances do not have an affinity for water
-nonpolar and non ionic substances
-ex: fat, glycerol, oils
floats - Correct Answers --less dense when it is solid, water ______
-forms crystal lattice structure
-important because oceans and lakes do not freeze solid
~insulates water below
~seasonal turnover of lakes
, specific heat - Correct Answers --the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for
1g to change its temperature by 1C
-water had high _____ due to H bonding
-resists change in temp
-moderates temp on earth
evaporative cooling - Correct Answers --organisms use to regulate their temperature
-ex: sweating
-water evaporates through a surface, cooling occurs
acidic - Correct Answers -If [H+]>[-OH]
basic - Correct Answers -If [-OH]>[H+]
pH scale - Correct Answers --how acidic or basic a solution is
-pure water, only 1 molecule in every 554 million is dissociated
-most biological fluids have 6-8
-each unit represents a 10-fold difference in H+ and -OH concentrations
neutral - Correct Answers --If concentration of 2 ions is equal
carbon - Correct Answers --all life mostly based on this element
-important due to its electron configuration
~able to make 4 stable covalent bonds (tetra valence)
~very versatile
-tetravalence allows them to be strung together in chains
phosphodiester bond - Correct Answers --new base added to sugar of previous base
-polymer grows in one direction
metabolism - Correct Answers --the totality of an organism's chemical reactions
-each reaction will follow a pathway
-what manages the material being used and formed and the energy needed for the
changes
metabolic pathway - Correct Answers --a specific molecule is altered resulting in a
product (needs enzymes in order to be changed)
catabolism - Correct Answers --breaking down of complex molecules to simpler
compounds
-releases energy
-known as hydrolysis or digestion
hydrocarbons - Correct Answers --combinations of C and H
-nonpolar
~not soluble in water
~hydrophobic
