Auburn BIOL 3200 Final Exam 3
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
structural gene - Answer produces a functional RNA, which usually encodes a protein
DNA control sequence - Answer regulates the expression of a structural gene
-does not encode an RNA or protein
-includes promoters and binding sites for regulatory proteins
prokaryote - Answer ... chromosomes range from 130 to 14,000 kb pairs
noncoding DNA - Answer genomes contain ...
->90% of eukaryotic genomes
-only <15% of prokaryotic genomes
plasmids - Answer prokaryote genomes includes extrachromosomal DNA (...)
operon - Answer a gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity
-a gene can operate independently of others
- it may exist in tandem with other genes in a unit called an ...
nitrogenous base, 2-deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate - Answer the three parts of a
nucleotide
5'-3' phosphodiester bonds - Answer nucleotides are connected to each other by ...
denatures - Answer at high temp (50C-90C), hydrogen bonds in DNA break and the duplex ...,
into two single strands
nucleoid - Answer bacteria pack their DNA into a series of loops and collectively called the ...
,positive supercoils - Answer DNA is overwound; prevents DNA melting at high temperatures
negative supercoils - Answer DNA is underwound; found in most cells
negatively - Answer most DNA in nature are ... supercoiled
positively - Answer some archaea living in acid at high temp have ... supercoiled DNA
topoisomerases - Answer enzymes that change DNA supercoiling are called ...; to maintain
proper DNA supercoiling levels, a cell must delicately balance the activities of two types of them
Type I topoisomerases - Answer -usually singe proteins
-cleave one strand of DNA
-relieve or unwind supercoils
type II toposisomerases - Answer -have multiple subunits
-cleave both strands of DNA
-introduce negative super coils (needs ATP
type II toposiomerase - Answer DNA gyrase is an example of a ... that is targeted by quinolone
antibiotics
extrachromosomal DNA - Answer two kinds of ... interact with bacterial genomes:
-horizontally transferred plasmids
-the genomes of bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacterial cells)
conjugation - Answer in the 1950s, ... was discovered
-a horizontal gene transfer mechanism requiring cell-to-cell contact, which could transfer large
segments of some bacterial chromosomes
recombination - Answer completion of gene transfer in conjugation also requires ..., in which
, archaea - Answer like bacteria, ... have:
-polygenic operons
-calls lacking a nuclear membrane
-a single circular chromosome/ single replicon
eukaryotes - Answer archaeal DNA replication, transcription, and translation closely resemble
those of ...
Frederick Griffith - Answer in 1928, ... discovered transformation in bacteria
Oswald Avery - Answer in 1944, ... and colleagues showed that the transforming substance is
DNA
Rosalind Franklin - Answer in 1953, ... used x-ray crystallography to determine that DNA is a
double helix
antiparallel - Answer in 1953, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins discovered
the complementary bases and ... nature of DNA
DNA-mediated transformation - Answer the transfer of naked DNA from one bacterium to
another
-discovered by Fredrick Griffith in 1928 while working Streptococcus pneumoniae
DNA polymerases - Answer catalyze polymerization of deoxynucleotides
DNA Pol III - Answer primary replication enzyme
DNA Pol I - Answer replaces RNA primer
repair - Answer the polymerases besides I and III are used for ...
primer - Answer DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to pre-existing 3'-OH and require
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
structural gene - Answer produces a functional RNA, which usually encodes a protein
DNA control sequence - Answer regulates the expression of a structural gene
-does not encode an RNA or protein
-includes promoters and binding sites for regulatory proteins
prokaryote - Answer ... chromosomes range from 130 to 14,000 kb pairs
noncoding DNA - Answer genomes contain ...
->90% of eukaryotic genomes
-only <15% of prokaryotic genomes
plasmids - Answer prokaryote genomes includes extrachromosomal DNA (...)
operon - Answer a gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity
-a gene can operate independently of others
- it may exist in tandem with other genes in a unit called an ...
nitrogenous base, 2-deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate - Answer the three parts of a
nucleotide
5'-3' phosphodiester bonds - Answer nucleotides are connected to each other by ...
denatures - Answer at high temp (50C-90C), hydrogen bonds in DNA break and the duplex ...,
into two single strands
nucleoid - Answer bacteria pack their DNA into a series of loops and collectively called the ...
,positive supercoils - Answer DNA is overwound; prevents DNA melting at high temperatures
negative supercoils - Answer DNA is underwound; found in most cells
negatively - Answer most DNA in nature are ... supercoiled
positively - Answer some archaea living in acid at high temp have ... supercoiled DNA
topoisomerases - Answer enzymes that change DNA supercoiling are called ...; to maintain
proper DNA supercoiling levels, a cell must delicately balance the activities of two types of them
Type I topoisomerases - Answer -usually singe proteins
-cleave one strand of DNA
-relieve or unwind supercoils
type II toposisomerases - Answer -have multiple subunits
-cleave both strands of DNA
-introduce negative super coils (needs ATP
type II toposiomerase - Answer DNA gyrase is an example of a ... that is targeted by quinolone
antibiotics
extrachromosomal DNA - Answer two kinds of ... interact with bacterial genomes:
-horizontally transferred plasmids
-the genomes of bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacterial cells)
conjugation - Answer in the 1950s, ... was discovered
-a horizontal gene transfer mechanism requiring cell-to-cell contact, which could transfer large
segments of some bacterial chromosomes
recombination - Answer completion of gene transfer in conjugation also requires ..., in which
, archaea - Answer like bacteria, ... have:
-polygenic operons
-calls lacking a nuclear membrane
-a single circular chromosome/ single replicon
eukaryotes - Answer archaeal DNA replication, transcription, and translation closely resemble
those of ...
Frederick Griffith - Answer in 1928, ... discovered transformation in bacteria
Oswald Avery - Answer in 1944, ... and colleagues showed that the transforming substance is
DNA
Rosalind Franklin - Answer in 1953, ... used x-ray crystallography to determine that DNA is a
double helix
antiparallel - Answer in 1953, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins discovered
the complementary bases and ... nature of DNA
DNA-mediated transformation - Answer the transfer of naked DNA from one bacterium to
another
-discovered by Fredrick Griffith in 1928 while working Streptococcus pneumoniae
DNA polymerases - Answer catalyze polymerization of deoxynucleotides
DNA Pol III - Answer primary replication enzyme
DNA Pol I - Answer replaces RNA primer
repair - Answer the polymerases besides I and III are used for ...
primer - Answer DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to pre-existing 3'-OH and require
