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A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount
Theory
of data, backed by strong evidence
A descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts
Law
events under certain conditions
Hypothesis A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Control In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison
, In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment,
Experimental group
that is, to one version of the independent variable.
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
Independent variable
whose effect is being measured. Plotted on the x axis
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
Dependent variable response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Plotted on the y axis
Autotrophs Organisms that are able to make their own food
An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating
Heterotrophs
other organisms or their by-products.
Movement of molecules from an area of higher
Diffusion concentration to an area of lower concentration; requires no
energy
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable
Osmosis
membrane; moves from higher to lower water concentration
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
Active transport
membrane against a concentration difference
Botany The scientific study of plants
, Biology The scientific study of life
The study of the properties of matter and how matter
Chemistry
changes
Genetics The scientific study of heredity
Scientific study of interactions among organisms and
Ecology
between organisms and their environment
Evolutionary Biology The study of organisms and their changes
The study of the molecules and the structures that make up
Molecular Cell Biology the cell, the reactions that occur within the cell, including
DNA.
Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which
Stomata
oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the
Guard cells
opening and closing of the pore.
Biochemical process in which an organism gets energy by
Respiration
breaking bonds of ATP