1
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BNKN602 Exam Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded
A+
Autonomic dysreflexia patho— Ans: Autonomic dysreflexia
occurs in people with spinal cord injury at or above T6.
1) A noxious stimulant below the level of injury occurs, this
stimulant could be a distended bladder or bowel, an ingrown
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toenail, kinked catheter.
2) This results in a extreme sympathetic response causing
widespread vasoconstriction
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3) The vasoconstriction of the blood vessels cause a rapidly
increasing blood pressure
4) The brain is signaled by baroreceptors about the bodies
hypertensive crisis and in an attempt to lower the blood pressure,
the heart rate is decreased and the person can become
bradycardic
5) inhibitory signals are unable to pass below the injury from being
transmitted further down the spinal cord.
If noxious stimulant is not removed, it can result in significant
complications such as stroke, seizures, myocardial ischemia or
death.
Common causes of autonomic dysreflexia— Ans: Urinary
retention
Over distended bladder or bowel
Pressure ulcers
Kidney stones
Ingrown toenail
, 2
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Interventions for autonomic dysreflexia— Ans: • Put the person
into sitting position 90◦ to help lower the BP
• Assess for the probable cause and remove
• Continue to assess vital signs (Q2-3min BP)
• Administer GTN as prescribed if SBP > 150mmHg (short acting
anti-hypertensive medications only) • Loosen clothing
Cushing's triad— Ans: Signs of increased intracranial pressure:
1. hypertension
2. bradycardia
3. irregular respirations
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Symptoms of a stroke— Ans: Face--Sudden weakness and/or
numbness of face,
Arms--Sudden weakness of the arm (and/or leg)
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Speech--Difficulty speaking, words jumbled, or lost voice
Interventions for a stroke— Ans: • To monitor for further
neurological deterioration and maintain patient safety
• Maintain head of bed 30◦
• Maintain systolic blood pressure within prescribed parameters
(often < 180mmHg)
• Continuous neurological observations
• Ensure correct positioning of paralysed limbs
• Ensure patient is kept NBM until swallow is assessed by Speech
and Language Therapist
• Administer prescribed aspirin orally or enterally
• Turn the patient regularly
Prolonged hypertension results in— Ans: Permanent damage to
the arterial walls
Ischaemic heart disease— Ans: A chronic disease caused by
insufficient blood supply (thus O2) to the heart muscles via the
coronary arteries typically resulting from Atherosclerosis.
, 3
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Ischaemic heart disease- Interventions— Ans: -Monitor BP
-Encourage low fat, high protein diet
Angina— Ans: chest pain due to obstruction of a major coronary
artery resulting in decreased oxygen supply
Myocardial infarction- signs and symptoms— Ans: -Chest pain -
may radiate down arm
-shortness of breath
-diaphoresis (sweating)
-Palpitations
-Increased Jugular venous distention if MI has caused HF
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-Weak thready pulse
-Pale, cyanosis
-Hypoxaemia
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-Nausea
-SOB, dyspnoea
Ischaemic heart disease- Signs and symptoms— Ans: -angina
-dizziness
-nausea
-SOB
-^HR
Myocardial infarction (MI)— Ans: Heart attack; death of
myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood
flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery;
usually caused by atherosclerosis
Myocardial infarction interventions— Ans: -Interventions for MI
-Monitor vital signs record and report
-Administer prescribed 02
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
BNKN602 Exam Questions and Answers
(100% Correct Answers) Already Graded
A+
Autonomic dysreflexia patho— Ans: Autonomic dysreflexia
occurs in people with spinal cord injury at or above T6.
1) A noxious stimulant below the level of injury occurs, this
stimulant could be a distended bladder or bowel, an ingrown
© 2025 Assignment Expert
toenail, kinked catheter.
2) This results in a extreme sympathetic response causing
widespread vasoconstriction
Guru01 - Stuvia
3) The vasoconstriction of the blood vessels cause a rapidly
increasing blood pressure
4) The brain is signaled by baroreceptors about the bodies
hypertensive crisis and in an attempt to lower the blood pressure,
the heart rate is decreased and the person can become
bradycardic
5) inhibitory signals are unable to pass below the injury from being
transmitted further down the spinal cord.
If noxious stimulant is not removed, it can result in significant
complications such as stroke, seizures, myocardial ischemia or
death.
Common causes of autonomic dysreflexia— Ans: Urinary
retention
Over distended bladder or bowel
Pressure ulcers
Kidney stones
Ingrown toenail
, 2
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Interventions for autonomic dysreflexia— Ans: • Put the person
into sitting position 90◦ to help lower the BP
• Assess for the probable cause and remove
• Continue to assess vital signs (Q2-3min BP)
• Administer GTN as prescribed if SBP > 150mmHg (short acting
anti-hypertensive medications only) • Loosen clothing
Cushing's triad— Ans: Signs of increased intracranial pressure:
1. hypertension
2. bradycardia
3. irregular respirations
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Symptoms of a stroke— Ans: Face--Sudden weakness and/or
numbness of face,
Arms--Sudden weakness of the arm (and/or leg)
Guru01 - Stuvia
Speech--Difficulty speaking, words jumbled, or lost voice
Interventions for a stroke— Ans: • To monitor for further
neurological deterioration and maintain patient safety
• Maintain head of bed 30◦
• Maintain systolic blood pressure within prescribed parameters
(often < 180mmHg)
• Continuous neurological observations
• Ensure correct positioning of paralysed limbs
• Ensure patient is kept NBM until swallow is assessed by Speech
and Language Therapist
• Administer prescribed aspirin orally or enterally
• Turn the patient regularly
Prolonged hypertension results in— Ans: Permanent damage to
the arterial walls
Ischaemic heart disease— Ans: A chronic disease caused by
insufficient blood supply (thus O2) to the heart muscles via the
coronary arteries typically resulting from Atherosclerosis.
, 3
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Ischaemic heart disease- Interventions— Ans: -Monitor BP
-Encourage low fat, high protein diet
Angina— Ans: chest pain due to obstruction of a major coronary
artery resulting in decreased oxygen supply
Myocardial infarction- signs and symptoms— Ans: -Chest pain -
may radiate down arm
-shortness of breath
-diaphoresis (sweating)
-Palpitations
-Increased Jugular venous distention if MI has caused HF
© 2025 Assignment Expert
-Weak thready pulse
-Pale, cyanosis
-Hypoxaemia
Guru01 - Stuvia
-Nausea
-SOB, dyspnoea
Ischaemic heart disease- Signs and symptoms— Ans: -angina
-dizziness
-nausea
-SOB
-^HR
Myocardial infarction (MI)— Ans: Heart attack; death of
myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood
flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery;
usually caused by atherosclerosis
Myocardial infarction interventions— Ans: -Interventions for MI
-Monitor vital signs record and report
-Administer prescribed 02
