NUR 256 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated serum sodium above 145 mEq/L.
Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER Serum sodium levels below 135 mEq/L.
Normal Sodium Range - CORRECT ANSWER 135-145 mEq/L for serum sodium levels.
Dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER Inadequate water intake or excessive water loss.
Osmotic Diuresis - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid loss due to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER Condition causing large volumes of dilute
urine.
Neurological Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER Restlessness, confusion, seizures from
sodium imbalance.
Serum Sodium Level Test - CORRECT ANSWER Measures sodium concentration in the
blood.
Urine Specific Gravity - CORRECT ANSWER Indicates dehydration if elevated.
Fluid Intake Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER Assess hydration status and correct
imbalances.
Hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated potassium levels above 5.0 mEq/L.
,High-Sodium Foods - CORRECT ANSWER Foods to avoid for sodium control.
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - CORRECT ANSWER Excessive water retention due to
ADH secretion.
Muscle Twitching - CORRECT ANSWER Neuromuscular changes due to electrolyte
imbalance.
Fluid Restriction - CORRECT ANSWER Limit fluid intake for dilutional hyponatremia.
Complications of Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER Seizures, coma, and potential
death.
Complications of Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER Seizures and neurological
damage from rapid changes.
Elderly Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWER Decreased thirst and renal function in older
adults.
IV Fluid Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER Important for hospitalized patients receiving
fluids.
Dietitian Role - CORRECT ANSWER Counsel on sodium intake and dietary adjustments.
Pharmacist Role - CORRECT ANSWER Review medications contributing to electrolyte
imbalances.
Client Education - CORRECT ANSWER Teach hydration importance and symptom
recognition.
, Burns and Fever - CORRECT ANSWER Conditions causing significant fluid loss.
Fluid Management - CORRECT ANSWER Educate on appropriate fluid intake strategies.
Hyperreflexia - CORRECT ANSWER Increased reflexes due to severe electrolyte
imbalance.
Daily Weights Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER Assess fluid balance in patients.
Urinalysis - CORRECT ANSWER Evaluates urine concentration and volume.
Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER Serum potassium levels drop below 3.5 mEq/L.
Normal potassium range - CORRECT ANSWER Serum potassium levels between 3.5-5.0
mEq/L.
Potassium-sparing diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER Medications that retain potassium in
the blood.
ACE inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER Medications that may reduce renal potassium
excretion.
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) - CORRECT ANSWER Drugs that can lead to
increased potassium levels.
Renal failure - CORRECT ANSWER Reduced ability to excrete potassium.
Massive cell destruction - CORRECT ANSWER Releases intracellular potassium into the
bloodstream.
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated serum sodium above 145 mEq/L.
Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER Serum sodium levels below 135 mEq/L.
Normal Sodium Range - CORRECT ANSWER 135-145 mEq/L for serum sodium levels.
Dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER Inadequate water intake or excessive water loss.
Osmotic Diuresis - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid loss due to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER Condition causing large volumes of dilute
urine.
Neurological Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER Restlessness, confusion, seizures from
sodium imbalance.
Serum Sodium Level Test - CORRECT ANSWER Measures sodium concentration in the
blood.
Urine Specific Gravity - CORRECT ANSWER Indicates dehydration if elevated.
Fluid Intake Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER Assess hydration status and correct
imbalances.
Hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER Elevated potassium levels above 5.0 mEq/L.
,High-Sodium Foods - CORRECT ANSWER Foods to avoid for sodium control.
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - CORRECT ANSWER Excessive water retention due to
ADH secretion.
Muscle Twitching - CORRECT ANSWER Neuromuscular changes due to electrolyte
imbalance.
Fluid Restriction - CORRECT ANSWER Limit fluid intake for dilutional hyponatremia.
Complications of Hypernatremia - CORRECT ANSWER Seizures, coma, and potential
death.
Complications of Hyponatremia - CORRECT ANSWER Seizures and neurological
damage from rapid changes.
Elderly Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWER Decreased thirst and renal function in older
adults.
IV Fluid Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER Important for hospitalized patients receiving
fluids.
Dietitian Role - CORRECT ANSWER Counsel on sodium intake and dietary adjustments.
Pharmacist Role - CORRECT ANSWER Review medications contributing to electrolyte
imbalances.
Client Education - CORRECT ANSWER Teach hydration importance and symptom
recognition.
, Burns and Fever - CORRECT ANSWER Conditions causing significant fluid loss.
Fluid Management - CORRECT ANSWER Educate on appropriate fluid intake strategies.
Hyperreflexia - CORRECT ANSWER Increased reflexes due to severe electrolyte
imbalance.
Daily Weights Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER Assess fluid balance in patients.
Urinalysis - CORRECT ANSWER Evaluates urine concentration and volume.
Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER Serum potassium levels drop below 3.5 mEq/L.
Normal potassium range - CORRECT ANSWER Serum potassium levels between 3.5-5.0
mEq/L.
Potassium-sparing diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER Medications that retain potassium in
the blood.
ACE inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER Medications that may reduce renal potassium
excretion.
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) - CORRECT ANSWER Drugs that can lead to
increased potassium levels.
Renal failure - CORRECT ANSWER Reduced ability to excrete potassium.
Massive cell destruction - CORRECT ANSWER Releases intracellular potassium into the
bloodstream.
