Exam 1 NFS 444, University of Rhode Island, Spring 2025
Questions With Complete Solutions
Abscesses Correct Answers Accumulations of pus
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Correct Answers
Respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical
emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and
usually requires mechanical ventilation
Acute-phase proteins Correct Answers Plasma proteins
released from the liver at the onset of acute infection; an
example is C-reactive protein, which is considered one of the
main indicators of severe infection and has antimicrobial effects
Acute-phase response Correct Answers Changes in body
chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury;
characterized by alterations in plasma proteins
Advance health care directive Correct Answers Written or oral
instructions regarding one's preferences for medical treatment to
be used in the event of becoming incapacitated; also called an
advance medical directive or a living will
Allergen Correct Answers A substance that stimulates an
allergic reaction; usually a protein fragment
Allergy Correct Answers A certain type of hypersensitivity
reaction, characterized by an inappropriate immune response to
a harmless substance
,Alveoli Correct Answers Air sacs in the lungs; one air sac is
an alveolus
Analgesic Correct Answers A drug that relieves pain
Anticonvulsants Correct Answers Drugs that treat epileptic
seizures
Antiemetics Correct Answers Drugs that prevent vomiting
Antineoplastic drugs Correct Answers Drugs that control or
kill cancer cells
Antiretroviral drugs Correct Answers Drugs that treat
retroviral infections, such as infection with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Aspiration Correct Answers Drawing in by suction or
inhalation; a common complication of enteral feedings in which
substances from the GI tract (such as GI secretions, food, or
refluxed stomach contents) are drawn into the lungs; aspiration
risk is high in patients with esophageal disorders, neuromuscular
diseases, and conditions that reduce consciousness or cause
dementia
Aspiration pneumonia Correct Answers Pneumonia that
results from the abnormal entry of foreign material; may be
caused by either bacterial infection or irritation of the lower
airways
, Autoimmune diseases Correct Answers Diseases characterized
by inappropriate immune responses against the body's own cells
B cell Correct Answers A lymphocyte that produces
antibodies
Beneficence Correct Answers Actions that are taken to benefit
others
Blenderized formulas Correct Answers Enteral formulas that
are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole
foods
Bolus feedings Correct Answers Feedings with delivery rates
of about 250 to 500 milliliters of formula over a 5- to 15-minute
period
C-reactive protein Correct Answers An acute-phase protein
produced in substantial amounts during acute inflammation; it
binds dead or dying cells to activate certain immune responses
and is considered the best clinical indicator of the acute-phase
response, although it is elevated during many chronic illnesses
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Correct Answers Life-
sustaining treatment that supplies oxygen and restores a person's
ability to breathe and pump blood
Catheter Correct Answers A thin tube placed within a narrow
lumen (such as a blood vessel) or body cavity; can be used to
infuse or withdraw fluids or to keep a passage open
Questions With Complete Solutions
Abscesses Correct Answers Accumulations of pus
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Correct Answers
Respiratory failure triggered by severe lung injury; a medical
emergency that causes dyspnea and pulmonary edema and
usually requires mechanical ventilation
Acute-phase proteins Correct Answers Plasma proteins
released from the liver at the onset of acute infection; an
example is C-reactive protein, which is considered one of the
main indicators of severe infection and has antimicrobial effects
Acute-phase response Correct Answers Changes in body
chemistry resulting from infection, inflammation, or injury;
characterized by alterations in plasma proteins
Advance health care directive Correct Answers Written or oral
instructions regarding one's preferences for medical treatment to
be used in the event of becoming incapacitated; also called an
advance medical directive or a living will
Allergen Correct Answers A substance that stimulates an
allergic reaction; usually a protein fragment
Allergy Correct Answers A certain type of hypersensitivity
reaction, characterized by an inappropriate immune response to
a harmless substance
,Alveoli Correct Answers Air sacs in the lungs; one air sac is
an alveolus
Analgesic Correct Answers A drug that relieves pain
Anticonvulsants Correct Answers Drugs that treat epileptic
seizures
Antiemetics Correct Answers Drugs that prevent vomiting
Antineoplastic drugs Correct Answers Drugs that control or
kill cancer cells
Antiretroviral drugs Correct Answers Drugs that treat
retroviral infections, such as infection with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Aspiration Correct Answers Drawing in by suction or
inhalation; a common complication of enteral feedings in which
substances from the GI tract (such as GI secretions, food, or
refluxed stomach contents) are drawn into the lungs; aspiration
risk is high in patients with esophageal disorders, neuromuscular
diseases, and conditions that reduce consciousness or cause
dementia
Aspiration pneumonia Correct Answers Pneumonia that
results from the abnormal entry of foreign material; may be
caused by either bacterial infection or irritation of the lower
airways
, Autoimmune diseases Correct Answers Diseases characterized
by inappropriate immune responses against the body's own cells
B cell Correct Answers A lymphocyte that produces
antibodies
Beneficence Correct Answers Actions that are taken to benefit
others
Blenderized formulas Correct Answers Enteral formulas that
are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole
foods
Bolus feedings Correct Answers Feedings with delivery rates
of about 250 to 500 milliliters of formula over a 5- to 15-minute
period
C-reactive protein Correct Answers An acute-phase protein
produced in substantial amounts during acute inflammation; it
binds dead or dying cells to activate certain immune responses
and is considered the best clinical indicator of the acute-phase
response, although it is elevated during many chronic illnesses
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Correct Answers Life-
sustaining treatment that supplies oxygen and restores a person's
ability to breathe and pump blood
Catheter Correct Answers A thin tube placed within a narrow
lumen (such as a blood vessel) or body cavity; can be used to
infuse or withdraw fluids or to keep a passage open
