NURS 6501-Advanced
Pathophysiology Quiz 1 .2025
How are cells specialized? - (ANSWER)through the process of differentiation or
maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - (ANSWER)movement,
conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration,
reproduction, and communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - (ANSWER)the
plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - (ANSWER)Cellular injury
causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - (ANSWER)the largest
membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief
functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? - (ANSWER)an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space
between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - (ANSWER)a
network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer nuclear
membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid
components of most of the organelles
,What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - (ANSWER)a network of smooth
membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is
responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - (ANSWER)saclike structures that
originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes
are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as
amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - (ANSWER)involved in the production and breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - (ANSWER)The major workhorses of the cell, if
misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? - (ANSWER). Mitochondria contain the
metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - (ANSWER)the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The
internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including
microtubules and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - (ANSWER)encloses the cell and, by controlling
the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic
pathways
, What is signal transduction? - (ANSWER)The transfer of molecular signals from
the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - (ANSWER)protein
homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is
composed of ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown
or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - (ANSWER)on the plasma membrane, enable the
cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - (ANSWER)(1) the extracellular
membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3)
specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? - (ANSWER)(1)
fibrous structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive glycoproteins, and
(3) proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps regulate cell growth,
movement, and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? - (ANSWER)(1) they form protein channels (gap
junctions); (2) they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other
cells in direct physical contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target
cell.
Pathophysiology Quiz 1 .2025
How are cells specialized? - (ANSWER)through the process of differentiation or
maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - (ANSWER)movement,
conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration,
reproduction, and communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - (ANSWER)the
plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - (ANSWER)Cellular injury
causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - (ANSWER)the largest
membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The chief
functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? - (ANSWER)an aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the space
between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? - (ANSWER)a
network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the outer nuclear
membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein and lipid
components of most of the organelles
,What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - (ANSWER)a network of smooth
membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi complex is
responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - (ANSWER)saclike structures that
originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes
are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their basic form, such as
amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - (ANSWER)involved in the production and breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - (ANSWER)The major workhorses of the cell, if
misfolded they can cause diseases
What are mitochondria responsible for? - (ANSWER). Mitochondria contain the
metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - (ANSWER)the "bone and muscle" of the cell. The
internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments, including
microtubules and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - (ANSWER)encloses the cell and, by controlling
the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic
pathways
, What is signal transduction? - (ANSWER)The transfer of molecular signals from
the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - (ANSWER)protein
homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This network is
composed of ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein breakdown
or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - (ANSWER)on the plasma membrane, enable the
cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - (ANSWER)(1) the extracellular
membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma membrane, and (3)
specialized cell junctions.
What makes up the extracellular matrix and what does it do? - (ANSWER)(1)
fibrous structural proteins (collagen and elastin), (2) adhesive glycoproteins, and
(3) proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid. The matrix helps regulate cell growth,
movement, and differentiation.
How do cells communicate? - (ANSWER)(1) they form protein channels (gap
junctions); (2) they display receptors that affect intracellular processes or other
cells in direct physical contact; and (3) they use receptor proteins inside the target
cell.
