MDC 3 EXAM 2 Questions and Answers
A+ Graded (2025)
hyperventilation, .if .someone .is .blowing .off .too .much .CO2 .they .become .more .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-Alkaline, .respiratory .alkalosis
if .a .patient's .lung .are .not .functioning .very .well .and .they .are .unable .to .remove
.or .blow .off .CO2 .very .well, .the .CO2 .will .build .up .in .their .system .becoming .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-acidic, .respiratory .acidosis
Perfusion .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-is .adequate .arterial .blood .flow .through .the
.peripheral .tissues .(peripheral .perfusion) .and .blood .that .is .pumped .by .the .heart
.to .oxygenate .major .body .organs .(central .perfusion)
upper .respiratory .tract .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-nose, .sinuses, .pharynx, .larynx
Lower .respiratory .tract .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Lungs,Trachea, .two .mainstem
.bronchi, .lobar, .segmental, .and .subsegmental .bronchi; .bronchioles; .alveolar
.ducts; .alveoli
common .cause .of .respiratory .ailments .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Cigarette .smoke
Nursing .care .of .a .patient .experiencing .upper .respiratory .system .disorders .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-maintaining .a .patent .airway .to .allow .adequate .ventilation
.and .oxygenation.
Along .with .a .focused .respiratory .assessment, .the .nurse .will .utilize .information
.obtained .from .the .patient .and .family .during .the .admission .history .interview.
.Information .regarding .the .patient's .history .of .upper .respiratory .disorders,
.smoking, .and .environmental .exposures .will .be .utilized .to .determine .the
.necessary .testing .and .treatment
Normal .Changes .in .Aging .Adults .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Alveoli .function
.decreases
Ability .to .cough .decreases
Lungs .loose .residual .volume, .vital .capacity .and .gas .exchange .decreases.
Respiratory .muscles .atrophy
Vascular .resistance .increases, .capillary .flow .decreases
Susceptibility .to .infection .increases.
,The .turbinates .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-three .bones .that .protrude .into .the .nasal
.cavities .from .the .internal .portion .of .the .nose
increase .the .total .surface .area .for .filtering, .warming, .and .humidifying .inspired
.air .before .it .passes .into .the .nasopharynx.
The .paranasal .sinuses .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-air-filled .cavities .within .the .bones
.that .surround .the .nasal .passages
.Lined .with .ciliated .membrane, .the .sinuses .provide .resonance .to .speech,
.decrease .the .weight .of .the .skull, .and .act .as .shock .absorbers .in .the .event .of
.facial .trauma..
Fremitus .refers .to .vibratory .tremors .that .can .be .felt .through .the .chest .by
.palpation, .Increased .fremitus .may .indicate .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-compression
.or .consolidation .of .lung .tissue, .as .occurs .in .pneumonia.
Lung .sounds .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
Adventitious .sounds .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Crackles
Wheezes
Rhonchus
Pleural .friction .rub
Other .Indicators .of .Respiratory .Adequacy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Cyanosis,
.decreased .capillary .refill, .clubbing .of .nails .in .fingers, .level .of .consciousness,
.Chest .Circumference, .Anxiety, .Dyspnea .Orthopnea, .General .Appearance
Diagnostic .Assessment .of .lungs .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Laboratory .assessment
- .RBC
- .ABG- .is .a .blood .gas .and .this .tells .us .the .acid .base .balance .of .the .patient
- .Sputum- .can .tell .us .if .microorganisms .are .growing .in .the .lung .- .describe
.color, .clarity, .and .any .odor
.Imaging .assessment
- .x-rays-Xrays .show .us .areas .of .opaque .which .usually .indicate
.pneumonia/consolidation .of .fluid
-CT- .computed .tomography. .Lung .nodules, .areas .of .fluid .buildup
.
Other .noninvasive .diagnostic .assessments
- .Pulse .oximetry-circulating .O2- .tells .us .oxygen .levels .in .the .tissues- .usually
.fingers, .toes, .or .earlobes
- .Capnometry .and .capnography-how .much .CO2 .is .leaving .the .lungs.
-PFTs-Lung .function- .tell .us .how .well .the .lungs .function .at .moving .air .in .and
.out
- .Exercise .testing-Exercise .tolerance
, Invasive .Diagnostic .Assessment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER--Endoscopic
.examinations
-Bronchoscopy- .is .a .camera .that .looks .at .the .airway .passages
-Thoracentesis- .can .remove .fluid .buildup .from .the .lung
-Lung .biopsy- .is .used .to .diagnose .some .lung .diseases .or .cancer
Which .assessment .finding .for .an .older .adult .patient .does .the .nurse .ascribe .to
.the .natural .aging .process? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A.Tightening .of .the .vocal
.cords
B.Decrease .in .residual .volume
C.Decrease .in .the .anteroposterior .diameter
D.Decrease .in .respiratory .muscle .strength
D. .As .a .person .ages, .vocal .cords .become .slack, .changing .the .quality .and
.strength .of .the .voice; .the .anteroposterior .diameter .increases; .respiratory
.muscle .strength .decreases; .and .the .residual .volume .increases.
The .nurse .knows .that .under .normal .physiologic .conditions .of .tissue .perfusion,
.a .patient .will .have .what .percent .of .oxygen .dissociate .from .the .hemoglobin
.molecule? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A.25%
B.50%
C.75%
D.100%
ANS: .B
Oxygen .dissociates .with .the .hemoglobin .molecule .based .on .the .need .for
.oxygen .to .perfuse .tissues. .Under .normal .conditions, .50% .of .hemoglobin
.molecules .completely .dissociate .their .oxygen .molecules .when .blood .perfuses
.tissues .that .have .an .oxygen .tension .(concentration) .of .26 .mm .Hg. .This .is
.considered .a ."normal" .point .at .which .50% .of .hemoglobin .molecules .are .no
.longer .saturated .with .oxygen.
Which .assessment .finding .does .the .nurse .interpret .that .is .associated .most
.closely .with .lung .disease? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A.Cough
B.Dyspnea
C.Chest .pain
D.Sputum .production
ANS: .A
Cough .is .a .main .sign .of .lung .disease. .Dyspnea .(difficulty .in .breathing .or
.breathlessness) .is .a .subjective .perception .and .varies .among .patients. .A
.patient's .feeling .of .dyspnea .may .not .be .consistent .with .the .severity .of .the
.presenting .problem. .Sputum .production .may .be .associated .with .coughing .and
.indicate .an .acute .or .chronic .lung .condition. .Chest .pain .can .occur .with .other
.health .problems, .as .well .as .with .lung .problems.
Head .and .Neck .Cancer .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Squamous .cell .carcinoma .and
.slow .growing
A+ Graded (2025)
hyperventilation, .if .someone .is .blowing .off .too .much .CO2 .they .become .more .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-Alkaline, .respiratory .alkalosis
if .a .patient's .lung .are .not .functioning .very .well .and .they .are .unable .to .remove
.or .blow .off .CO2 .very .well, .the .CO2 .will .build .up .in .their .system .becoming .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-acidic, .respiratory .acidosis
Perfusion .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-is .adequate .arterial .blood .flow .through .the
.peripheral .tissues .(peripheral .perfusion) .and .blood .that .is .pumped .by .the .heart
.to .oxygenate .major .body .organs .(central .perfusion)
upper .respiratory .tract .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-nose, .sinuses, .pharynx, .larynx
Lower .respiratory .tract .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Lungs,Trachea, .two .mainstem
.bronchi, .lobar, .segmental, .and .subsegmental .bronchi; .bronchioles; .alveolar
.ducts; .alveoli
common .cause .of .respiratory .ailments .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Cigarette .smoke
Nursing .care .of .a .patient .experiencing .upper .respiratory .system .disorders .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-maintaining .a .patent .airway .to .allow .adequate .ventilation
.and .oxygenation.
Along .with .a .focused .respiratory .assessment, .the .nurse .will .utilize .information
.obtained .from .the .patient .and .family .during .the .admission .history .interview.
.Information .regarding .the .patient's .history .of .upper .respiratory .disorders,
.smoking, .and .environmental .exposures .will .be .utilized .to .determine .the
.necessary .testing .and .treatment
Normal .Changes .in .Aging .Adults .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Alveoli .function
.decreases
Ability .to .cough .decreases
Lungs .loose .residual .volume, .vital .capacity .and .gas .exchange .decreases.
Respiratory .muscles .atrophy
Vascular .resistance .increases, .capillary .flow .decreases
Susceptibility .to .infection .increases.
,The .turbinates .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-three .bones .that .protrude .into .the .nasal
.cavities .from .the .internal .portion .of .the .nose
increase .the .total .surface .area .for .filtering, .warming, .and .humidifying .inspired
.air .before .it .passes .into .the .nasopharynx.
The .paranasal .sinuses .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-air-filled .cavities .within .the .bones
.that .surround .the .nasal .passages
.Lined .with .ciliated .membrane, .the .sinuses .provide .resonance .to .speech,
.decrease .the .weight .of .the .skull, .and .act .as .shock .absorbers .in .the .event .of
.facial .trauma..
Fremitus .refers .to .vibratory .tremors .that .can .be .felt .through .the .chest .by
.palpation, .Increased .fremitus .may .indicate .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-compression
.or .consolidation .of .lung .tissue, .as .occurs .in .pneumonia.
Lung .sounds .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
Adventitious .sounds .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Crackles
Wheezes
Rhonchus
Pleural .friction .rub
Other .Indicators .of .Respiratory .Adequacy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Cyanosis,
.decreased .capillary .refill, .clubbing .of .nails .in .fingers, .level .of .consciousness,
.Chest .Circumference, .Anxiety, .Dyspnea .Orthopnea, .General .Appearance
Diagnostic .Assessment .of .lungs .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Laboratory .assessment
- .RBC
- .ABG- .is .a .blood .gas .and .this .tells .us .the .acid .base .balance .of .the .patient
- .Sputum- .can .tell .us .if .microorganisms .are .growing .in .the .lung .- .describe
.color, .clarity, .and .any .odor
.Imaging .assessment
- .x-rays-Xrays .show .us .areas .of .opaque .which .usually .indicate
.pneumonia/consolidation .of .fluid
-CT- .computed .tomography. .Lung .nodules, .areas .of .fluid .buildup
.
Other .noninvasive .diagnostic .assessments
- .Pulse .oximetry-circulating .O2- .tells .us .oxygen .levels .in .the .tissues- .usually
.fingers, .toes, .or .earlobes
- .Capnometry .and .capnography-how .much .CO2 .is .leaving .the .lungs.
-PFTs-Lung .function- .tell .us .how .well .the .lungs .function .at .moving .air .in .and
.out
- .Exercise .testing-Exercise .tolerance
, Invasive .Diagnostic .Assessment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER--Endoscopic
.examinations
-Bronchoscopy- .is .a .camera .that .looks .at .the .airway .passages
-Thoracentesis- .can .remove .fluid .buildup .from .the .lung
-Lung .biopsy- .is .used .to .diagnose .some .lung .diseases .or .cancer
Which .assessment .finding .for .an .older .adult .patient .does .the .nurse .ascribe .to
.the .natural .aging .process? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A.Tightening .of .the .vocal
.cords
B.Decrease .in .residual .volume
C.Decrease .in .the .anteroposterior .diameter
D.Decrease .in .respiratory .muscle .strength
D. .As .a .person .ages, .vocal .cords .become .slack, .changing .the .quality .and
.strength .of .the .voice; .the .anteroposterior .diameter .increases; .respiratory
.muscle .strength .decreases; .and .the .residual .volume .increases.
The .nurse .knows .that .under .normal .physiologic .conditions .of .tissue .perfusion,
.a .patient .will .have .what .percent .of .oxygen .dissociate .from .the .hemoglobin
.molecule? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A.25%
B.50%
C.75%
D.100%
ANS: .B
Oxygen .dissociates .with .the .hemoglobin .molecule .based .on .the .need .for
.oxygen .to .perfuse .tissues. .Under .normal .conditions, .50% .of .hemoglobin
.molecules .completely .dissociate .their .oxygen .molecules .when .blood .perfuses
.tissues .that .have .an .oxygen .tension .(concentration) .of .26 .mm .Hg. .This .is
.considered .a ."normal" .point .at .which .50% .of .hemoglobin .molecules .are .no
.longer .saturated .with .oxygen.
Which .assessment .finding .does .the .nurse .interpret .that .is .associated .most
.closely .with .lung .disease? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A.Cough
B.Dyspnea
C.Chest .pain
D.Sputum .production
ANS: .A
Cough .is .a .main .sign .of .lung .disease. .Dyspnea .(difficulty .in .breathing .or
.breathlessness) .is .a .subjective .perception .and .varies .among .patients. .A
.patient's .feeling .of .dyspnea .may .not .be .consistent .with .the .severity .of .the
.presenting .problem. .Sputum .production .may .be .associated .with .coughing .and
.indicate .an .acute .or .chronic .lung .condition. .Chest .pain .can .occur .with .other
.health .problems, .as .well .as .with .lung .problems.
Head .and .Neck .Cancer .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Squamous .cell .carcinoma .and
.slow .growing
